Oiri sefa element ndiyo sefa yemafuta.Basa remafuta sefa nderokusefa kunze kwese, mazamu uye hunyoro mumafuta, uye kuendesa mafuta akachena kune yega yega yekuzora chikamu.
Kuti uderedze kupokana pakati pezvikamu zviri kufamba muinjini uye kuderedza kusakara kwezvikamu, mafuta anoramba achitakurwa kuenda kunzvimbo yekukwenya kwechikamu chimwe nechimwe chinofamba kuita firimu remafuta ekuzora.Injini yemafuta pachayo ine imwe chiyero chegamu, tsvina, unyoro uye zvinowedzera.Panguva imwecheteyo, panguva yekushanda kweinjini, kuiswa kwesimbi inopfeka marara, kupinda kwemarara mumhepo, uye kugadzirwa kwemafuta emafuta anoita kuti marara mumafuta awedzere zvishoma nezvishoma.Kana oiri yakananga yakapinda museti yeoiri yekuzora isina kusefa, iyo sundries iri muoiri inounzwa mukati mekupokana kweiyo inofamba mbiri, iyo inomhanyisa kupfeka kwezvikamu uye kuderedza hupenyu hwebasa reinjini.
Nekuda kwehupamhi hwekuona kweoiri pachayo uye nehupamhi hwehutsvina muoiri, kuitira kuti uvandudze kusefa, iyo sefa yemafuta inowanzove nematanho matatu, anoti muunganidzi wemafuta sefa, iyo coarse sefa uye mafuta efasheni. .Sefa inoiswa mupani yemafuta pamberi pepombi yemafuta, uye kazhinji imhando yesimbi sefa.Iyo crude oil sefa inoiswa kuseri kwepombi yeoiri uye inobatanidzwa munhevedzano nemukoto mukuru weoiri.Iko kune kunyanya simbi scraper type, sawdust filter type uye microporous filter paper type.Ikozvino iyo microporous filter paper type inonyanya kushandiswa.Iyo oiri yakanaka sefa inoiswa mukuenderana neiyo huru nzira yemafuta mushure mepombi yemafuta.Kune kunyanya maviri marudzi e microporous filter paper type uye rotor type.Iyo rotor-mhando yemafuta yakanaka sefa inotora centrifugal kusefa isina sefa chinhu, iyo inogadzirisa zvinogadzirisa kupokana pakati pekupfuura kwemafuta uye kusefa kunyatsoita.
Basa resefa
Panowanzove nemhando ina dzemasefa emapoka einjini yedhiziri: sefa yemhepo, sefa yedhiziri, sefa yemafuta, sefa yemvura, inotevera inosuma dhiziri sefa.
Sefa: Sefa yedhiziri jenareta seti yakakosha pre-sefa yemafuta edhiziri anoshandiswa mumajini ekupisa mukati.Inogona kusefa kunze kupfuura 90% yemagetsi tsvina, colloids, asphaltenes, nezvimwewo. Kuvandudza injini yehupenyu.Diziri isina kuchena inokonzeresa kusakara uye kubvaruka kweinjini yemafuta jekiseni system nemasilinda, kuderedza simba reinjini, kuwedzera kushandiswa kwemafuta nekukurumidza, uye kuderedza zvakanyanya hupenyu hwebasa rejenareta.Kushandiswa kwemasefa edhiziri kunogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kukwenenzverwa uye kugona kweinjini uchishandisa mafirita emhando yedhiziri, kurebesa hupenyu hwemasefa edhiziri emhando yepamusoro kakawanda, uye kuve nemhedzisiro inochengetedza mafuta.Maitiro ekuisa dhiziri sefa: Iyo dhiziri sefa iri nyore kwazvo kuisa, ingoibatanidza kune iyo oiri yekugovera mutsara munhevedzano zvinoenderana neyakachengeterwa mafuta inopinza uye yekubuda zviteshi.Teerera kukubatanidza munzira inoratidzwa nemuseve, uye kutungamira kwemafuta ekupinza uye kubuda hakugone kudzoserwa kumashure.Paunenge uchishandisa uye kutsiva iyo sefa kekutanga, iyo dizeli sefa inofanira kuzadzwa nemafuta edhiziri, uye kutarisisa kunofanirwa kubhadharwa kune kupera.Ivhavha yekupedza iri pamagumo evhavha yebhodhoro.
Sefa yemafuta
Maitiro ekutsiva iyo sefa chinhu: Mukushandiswa kwakajairwa, kana iyo mutsauko yekumanikidza alarm yeakare-sefa mudziyo maaramu kana kuunganidza kushandiswa kuchipfuura maawa mazana matatu, iyo sefa chinhu chinofanira kutsiviwa.
Iyo nzira yekutsiva iyo sefa element: 1. Kutsiviwa kwesefa chinhu cheimwe-barrel pre-sefa mudziyo: a.Vhara vharuvhu yebhora remukati wemafuta uye vhura chivharo chepamusoro.(Chivharo chepamusoro chemhando yealuminium alloy inoda kucheneswa zvinyoronyoro kubva kune gap reparutivi ne-flat-blade screwdriver);b.Vhura waya wepuragi yepombi yetsvina kuti ubvise mafuta etsvina;c.Sunungura nati inosungirira kumucheto kwekumusoro kwesefa, uye mushandisi anopfeka mafuta-proof Bata chinhu chesefa zvakasimba nemagirovhosi, uye bvisa chekare sefa yakatwasuka kumusoro;d.Tsiva chinhu chitsva chesefa, peta mhete yekumusoro yekuisa chisimbiso (ine yayo yekuisa chisimbiso gasket pamucheto wezasi), uye simbisa nati;f.Simbisa waya yekugezera yepombi yetsvina uye uvhare chivharo chepamusoro (Chenjerera kupedhi mhete yekuisa chisimbiso), uye sunga mabhaudhi.2. Kutsiviwa kwesefa element ye double-barrel parallel pre-filtering device: a.Kutanga vhara vharafu yemafuta ekusefa kune rumwe rutivi rwesefa chinhu chinoda kutsiviwa, vhara vharafu yekubuda kwemafuta mushure memaminitsi mashoma, wozosunungura mabhaudhi evhavha yekupedzisira uye vhura chivharo chekupedzisira;b.Vhura vheji yemvura kuti ubvise zvachose mafuta ane tsvina uye kudzivirira mafuta asina kuchena kuti asapinda mukamuri yakachena yemafuta apo firiji inotsiviwa;c.Sunungura nati inosungirira pamucheto wepamusoro wesefa, mushandisi anopfeka magirovhosi anodzivirira mafuta kuti abate chinhu chesefa zvakasimba, uye abvise chekare chefirita kumusoro;c.Tsiva chinhu chitsva chesefa, padhi mhete yekumusoro yekuisa chisimbiso (iyo yepasi yekupedzisira ine yayo yekuisa chisimbiso gasket), uye simbisa nati;d.Vhara vharuvhu yekudonhedza, vhara chivharo chepamusoro (teerera kune pedhi mhete yekuisa chisimbiso), uye sunga mabhaudhi.E. Vhura vheji yekupinza mafuta kutanga, wozovhura vheji yekuburitsa, vhara vheji yekuburitsa pakarepo kana mafuta achibuda muvhavha yekuburitsa, uye wozovhura vheji yekuburitsa mafuta;zvino shandisa sefa kune rumwe rutivi nenzira imwecheteyo.
Sefa jenareta
Jenareta seti yemhepo sefa: Iyo inonyanya kushandisa mhepo mudziyo unosefa zvimedu uye tsvina mumhepo inofemerwa kana piston jenareta seti iri kushanda.Inosanganisira sefa chinhu uye goko.Izvo zvinonyanya kudiwa zvefirita yemhepo ndeyekusefa kwepamusoro, kushomeka kuyerera kwekudzivirira, uye kuenderera kushandiswa kwenguva yakareba pasina kugadzirisa.Kana jenereta seti iri kushanda, kana mhepo yakafemerwa ine guruva uye zvimwe zvitsvina, zvinowedzera kupfekwa kwezvikamu, saka sefa yemhepo inofanira kuiswa.
Pane nzira nhatu dzekusefa kwemhepo: inertia type, sefa rudzi uye oiri yekugezesa mhando:
Inertial type: Sezvo kuwanda kwezvimedu netsvina kwakakwirira kudarika yemhepo, kana zvimedu netsvina zvichitenderera nemhepo kana kuita makona akapinza, centrifugal inertial force inogona kuparadzanisa tsvina kubva kumhepo.
Rudzi rwesefa: tungamira mhepo kuyerera kuburikidza nesimbi sefa sikirini kana pepa refirita, nezvimwewo, kuvhara zvimedu uye tsvina uye kunamatira kune iyo sefa chinhu.
Oiri yekugeza mhando: Pane pani yemafuta pazasi pesefa yemhepo, iyo inoshandisa mafambiro emhepo kukanganisa mafuta nekukurumidza, inoparadzanisa zvidimbu uye tsvina netsvimbo mumafuta, uye madonhwe emafuta akashungurudzika anoyerera nepakati pesefa chinhu chine mafambiro emhepo. uye kunamatira kumafuta.pane sefa element.Kana mhepo ichiyerera kuburikidza nesefa element, inogona kuwedzera kutora tsvina, kuitira kuti izadzise chinangwa chekusefa.
Iyo yekutsiva kutenderera kwemhepo sefa yejenareta seti: yakajairika jenareta seti inotsiviwa kamwe chete maawa mazana mashanu ekushanda;seti yejenareta inotsiviwa kamwe chete pamaawa mazana matatu kana mwedzi mitanhatu.Kana jenareta seti ichiwanzochengetedzwa, inogona kubviswa uye kuvhuvhuta nepfuti yemhepo, kana kutsiva kutenderera kunogona kuwedzerwa nemaawa mazana maviri kana mwedzi mitatu.
Mafirita anodiwa kune mafirita: Mafirita anogadzirwa nemafekitari chaiwo anodiwa, asi anogona kunge asiri mabhurendi makuru, asi emanyepo uye asina kusimba haafanire kushandiswa.
