nyorova
Mvura Inonyorova
pani yemafuta
Mota zhinji dzinoonekwa pamusika idzo dzinonzi mapani emafuta akanyorova. Chikonzero chinoita kuti dzitumidzwe kuti mapani emafuta akanyorova ndechekuti crankshaft yecrankshaft nemucheto mukuru wetsvimbo yekubatanidza yeinjini zvinonyudzwa mumafuta ekuzora epani yemafuta kamwe chete pakuchinja kwecrankshaft. Panguva imwe chete, nekuda kwekushanda nekukurumidza kwecrankshaft, nguva yega yega crankshaft inonyudzwa mudziva remafuta nekumhanya kukuru, mamwe mafuta anospoa uye mhute yemafuta zvinomutswa kuti zvizore crankshaft nebush rekubearing, iro rinonzi splash lubrication. Nenzira iyi, pane zvinodiwa kuti mafuta ekuzora ave nemafuta akawanda mupani yemafuta. Kana ari akaderera zvakanyanya, crankshaft yecrankshaft nemucheto mukuru wetsvimbo yekubatanidza hazvigone kunyudzwa mumafuta ekuzora, zvichikonzera kushomeka kwemafuta ekuzora uye crankshaft yakatsetseka, tsvimbo yekubatanidza nebush rekubearing. Kana huwandu hwemafuta ekuzora hwakanyanya kukwira, bearing ichanyudzwa mukati mese, izvo zvichawedzera kuramba kutenderera kwecrankshaft, izvo zvichazopedzisira zvaita kuti mashandiro einjini adzikire.
Nzira iyi yekuzora mafuta ine chimiro chakareruka uye haidi tangi remafuta rekuwedzera, asi kutenderera kwemota hakufanirwe kunge kwakakura zvakanyanya, zvikasadaro zvichakonzera tsaona yesilinda yemafuta inotsva nekuda kwekutadza kushanda kwemafuta uye kubuda kwemafuta.
yakaoma
Mvura Yakaoma
Masump akaoma anoshandiswa muinjini dzakawanda dzemujaho. Haachengete mafuta musump, kunyanya, hapana sump yemafuta. Nzvimbo dzekukweshana dzekufamba uku mu crankcase dzinozorwa mafuta nekudzvanya oiri kuburikidza ne orifice imwe neimwe. Sezvo injini yesump yakaoma ichidzima basa rekuchengetera oiri musump yemafuta, kukwirira kwesump yemafuta asina kuchena kunoderedzwa zvakanyanya, uye kukwirira kweinjini kunoderedzwawo. Chinhu chikuru ndechekuti inodzivirira zviitiko zvakaipa zvesump yakanyorova zvinokonzerwa nekutyaira zvakanyanya.
Zvisinei, kumanikidzwa kwese kwemafuta ekuzora kunobva papombi yemafuta. Simba repombi yemafuta rinobatanidzwa nemagiya kuburikidza nekutenderera kwecrankshaft. Kunyangwe muinjini yesump yakanyorova, pombi yemafuta inodiwawo kuti ipe mafuta ekuzora ecamshaft. Asi kumanikidzwa uku kudiki, uye pombi yemafuta inoda simba shoma. Zvisinei, mumainjini esump yakawoma, simba remafuta ekuzora aya rinofanira kunge rakakura zvikuru. Uye saizi yepombi yemafuta yakakurawo kupfuura pombi yemafuta yeinjini yesump yakanyorova. Naizvozvo, pombi yemafuta inoda simba rakawanda panguva ino. Izvi zvakafanana neinjini ine supercharged, pombi yemafuta inofanira kushandisa chikamu chesimba reinjini. Kunyanya pakumhanya kwakanyanya, kana kumhanya kweinjini kuchiwedzera, simba rekufamba kwezvikamu zvekukweshana rinowedzera, uye mafuta akawanda anodiwa kuti mafuta akwizirwe, saka pombi yemafuta inofanira kupa simba rakawanda, uye kushandiswa kwesimba recranshaft kunowedzerawo.
Zviri pachena kuti dhizaini yakadaro haina kukodzera mainjini emotokari dzehurumende, nekuti inoda kurasikirwa nechikamu chesimba reinjini, izvo zvisingangokanganisi simba rinobuda chete, asiwo hazvibatsiri pakuvandudza hupfumi. Saka, dry sump inongoshongedzwa nemainjini makuru ekufambisa kana ane simba guru, senge mota dzemitambo dzinozvarirwa kutyaira zvakanyanya. Semuenzaniso, Lamborghini inoshandisa dhizaini ye dry oil sump. Pairi, zvakakosha kuvandudza lubrication effect pamuganhu uye kuwana nzvimbo yakaderera yegravity, uye kurasikirwa kwesimba kunogona kubhadharwa nekuwedzera displacement nezvimwe zvinhu. Nezvehupfumi Zvepabonde chinhu ichi hachifanirwe kufungwa nezvacho zvachose.
Kushanda nekugadzirisa
Pombi yekuisa mafuta chikamu chakakosha chehurongwa hwekupa mafuta hwejenareta yedhiziri, uye mamiriro ayo ekushanda anokanganisa zvakananga simba, kuchengetedza uye kuvimbika kwejenareta yedhiziri. Kugadzirisa kwakakodzera chinhu chakakosha kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti pombi yekuisa mafuta inoshanda zvakanaka uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwayo. "Zvinhu gumi" zvinotevera zvinokudzidzisa maitiro ekuchengetedza pombi yekuisa mafuta yejenareta yedhiziri:
1. Kuchengetedza zvakanaka zvinhu zvinoshandiswa papombi yekuisa mafuta.
Chifukidziro cheparutivi chepombi, dipstick yemafuta, chivharo chekuisa mafuta (refilling plug), vharuvhu inodurura mafuta, chivharo chescrew yedziva remafuta, chivharo chezinga remafuta, bhaudhi rekugadzirisa pombi yemafuta, nezvimwewo zvinofanira kuchengetwa zvisina kukuvadzwa. Zvishandiso izvi zvine basa rakakosha mukushanda kwepombi inopinda mafuta. Semuenzaniso, chifukidziro cheparutivi chinogona kudzivirira kupinda kwetsvina senge guruva nemvura, chifukidziro (chine firita) chinogona kudzivirira kuora kwemafuta zvinobudirira, uye vharuvhu inodarika mafuta inoita kuti sisitimu yemafuta ive nekumanikidzwa kwakati uye haipinde mumhepo. Saka, zvakakosha kusimbisa kuchengetedza zvishandiso izvi, uye kuzvigadzirisa kana kuzvitsiva nenguva kana zvakakuvara kana kurasika.
2. Gara uchitarisa kana huwandu hwemafuta nehunhu hwemafuta ari mudziva remafuta repombi yekuisa mafuta zvichizadzisa zvinodiwa.
Usati watanga kugadzira jenareta yedhiziri, huwandu uye hunhu hwemafuta ari mupombi yekuisa mafuta hunofanira kuongororwa nguva imwe neimwe (kunze kwepombi yekuisa mafuta inomanikidzwa kudira mafuta neinjini) kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti huwandu hwemafuta hwakakwana uye hunhu hwakanaka. Zvikasadaro, zvinokonzeresa kupera kweplunger nevalvu yekuburitsa mafuta, zvichikonzera simba risina kukwana reinjini yedhiziri, kuoma kutanga, uye muzviitiko zvakakomba, ngura nekuora kweplunger nevalvu yekuburitsa mafuta. Nekuda kwekubuda kwemukati kwepombi yemafuta, kushanda zvisina kunaka kwevharuvhu yekuburitsa mafuta, kupera kwetappet nekavha yepombi yekufambisa mafuta, uye kukuvara kweringi yekuvhara, mafuta edhiziri achadonhedza mafuta mudziva remafuta uye kudonhedza mafuta. Saka, anofanira kutsiviwa nenguva zvichienderana nehunhu hwemafuta. Tangi rinocheneswa zvakakwana kubvisa tsvina nezvimwe tsvina pasi petangi remafuta, zvikasadaro mafuta achaora mushure menguva pfupi yekushandiswa. Huwandu hwemafuta hahufanirwe kunge hwakawanda kana hushoma. Mafuta akawandisa mugovernor achaita kuti injini yedhiziri "imhanye" nekukurumidza. Mafuta mashoma anokonzera mafuta asina kunaka. Chidzitiro chemafuta kana sikuruu yemafuta zvichashandiswa. Pamusoro pezvo, kana injini yedhiziri ikasashandiswa kwenguva yakareba, zvakakosha kutarisa kana paine tsvina yakaita semvura nemafuta edhiziri mumafuta ari mudziva remafuta epombi yemafuta. Zvidimbu zvakanamirwa uye zvakaraswa.
3. Gara uchitarisa uye uchigadzirisa huwandu hwemafuta ari musirindiri yega yega yepombi yekuisa mafuta.
Nekuda kwekusakara kwe plunger coupler uye oil outlet valve coupler, kubuda kwemafuta edhiziri mukati kuchaita kuti mafuta emuchini wega wega aderedzwe kana kuti aenzane, zvichikonzera kuoma kutanga injini yedhiziri, simba risinganetsi, kushandiswa kwemafuta kwakawedzera, uye kushanda kusina kugadzikana. Nokudaro, zvakakosha kugara uchitarisa nekugadzirisa mafuta emuchini wega wega wepombi yemafuta kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti simba reinjini yedhiziri rinoshanda. Pakushandisa chaiko, huwandu hwemafuta emuchini wega wega hunogona kuonekwa nekutarisa utsi hwejenareta yedhiziri, kuteerera ruzha rweinjini, uye kubata tembiricha ye exhaust manifold.
4. Shandisa mapaipi emafuta ane simba rakawanda.
Munguva yekupihwa kwemafuta kwepombi yekuisa mafuta, nekuda kwekumanikidzwa kwemafuta edhiziri uye kusimba kwepombi yemafuta ine simba rakawanda, mafuta edhiziri ane simba rakawanda achaita shanduko dzesimba mupombi, uye zvinotora nguva yakati kuti pressure wave ifambe mupombi. Huwandu hwacho hwakaenzana, injini yedhiziri inoshanda zvakanaka, uye kureba nedhayamita yepombi yemafuta ine simba rakawanda zvinosarudzwa mushure mekuverengwa. Naizvozvo, kana pombi yemafuta ine simba rakawanda yecylinder yakakuvara, pombi yemafuta ine hurefu hwakajairwa nedhayamita yepombi inofanira kutsiviwa. Mukushandiswa chaiko, nekuda kwekushaikwa kwemapombi emafuta akajairwa, mamwe mapombi emafuta anoshandiswa panzvimbo pezvo, zvisinei nekuti hurefu nedhayamita yepombi yemafuta zvakafanana here, zvekuti hurefu nedhayamita yepombi yemafuta zvakasiyana zvikuru. Kunyangwe ichigona kushandiswa munguva yenjodzi, inotungamira kupihwa kwemafuta kwecylinder. Kuchinja kwekona yepamusoro nehuwandu hwemafuta kunoita kuti muchina wese usashande zvakanaka, saka pombi yemafuta ine simba rakawanda inofanira kushandiswa mukushandiswa.
5. Gara uchitarisa mamiriro ekuvhara kwevharuvhu pamuchina.
Mushure mekunge pombi yekuisa mafuta yashanda kwenguva yakati, nekutarisa mamiriro ekuvhara vharuvhu yekuburitsa mafuta, mutongo wakaoma unogona kuitwa pakusakara kweplunger nemamiriro ekushanda kwepombi yemafuta, izvo zvinobatsira kuona nzira yekugadzirisa nekugadzirisa. Pakutarisa, sunungura majoini epombi yemafuta ane simba repamusoro pesilinda yega yega, uye shandisa pombi yemafuta yepombi yekuendesa mafuta kupomba mafuta. Kana mafuta akayerera kubva pamajoini epombi yemafuta ari pamusoro pepombi yekuisa mafuta, zvinoreva kuti vharuvhu yekuburitsa mafuta haina kuvharwa zvakanaka (zvechokwadi, kana chitubu chevharuvhu yekuburitsa mafuta chakatyoka, zvichadarowo Kana izvi zvikaitika), kana paine chisimbiso chisina kunaka mu multi-cylinder, pombi yekuisa mafuta inofanira kugadziriswa zvakanaka uye kugadziriswa, uye coupler inofanira kutsiviwa.
6. Tsiva plunger yakasakara nevharuvhu yekuburitsa mafuta nenguva.
Kana zvikaonekwa kuti injini yedhiziri yakaoma kutanga, simba rinodzikira, uye kushandiswa kwemafuta kunowedzera, uye pombi yekuisa mafuta neinjector yemafuta zvisati zvavandudzwa nekugadzirisa pombi yekuisa mafuta, pombi yekuisa mafuta nevharuvhu yekuburitsa mafuta zvinofanira kuparadzaniswa uye kuongororwa. Kana plunger nevharuvhu yekuburitsa mafuta zvakasakara kusvika pamwero wakati, zvinofanira kutsiviwa nenguva, usasimbirire kuti zvishandiswezve. Matambudziko ekutanga injini yedhiziri, kushandiswa kwemafuta kwakawanda, simba risina kukwana uye kurasikirwa kunokonzerwa nekusakara kwezvikamu zvekubatanidza zvinopfuura mutengo wekutsiva zvikamu zvekubatanidza, uye simba nehupfumi hweinjini yedhiziri zvichavandudzika zvakanyanya mushure mekutsiviwa. Zvikamu zvekutsiva.
7. Oiri yedhiziri inofanira kushandiswa uye kusefa zvakanaka kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti oiri yedhiziri inopinda mupombi yekuisa mafuta yakachena kwazvo.
Kazhinji, majenareta edhiziri ane zvinodiwa zvakanyanya pakusefa dhiziri kupfuura mainjini epeturu. Mafuta edhiziri anosangana nezvinodiwa anofanira kusarudzwa kuti ashandiswe, uye anofanira kupiswa kwemaawa angangoita makumi mana nemasere. Simbisa kuchenesa nekuchengetedza firita yedhiziri, kuchenesa kana kutsiva chinhu chefirita nenguva; chenesa tangi redhiziri nenguva zvichienderana nemamiriro ekushanda, bvisa tsvina nehunyoro pasi petangi remafuta, uye chero tsvina iri mudhiziri ichakanganisa pombi yemafuta injection uye mafuta anobuda. Kuora kwakanyanya kana kupera kwemavharuvhu couplers nezvikamu zve transmission.
8. Gara uchitarisa uye uchigadzirisa kona yepamberi yepombi yekuisa mafuta uye kona yepakati penguva yekupa mafuta yesirinji yega yega.
Munguva yekushandisa, nekuda kwekusunungurwa kwemabolt ekubatanidza uye kupera kwezvikamu zvemuviri zve camshaft ne roller, angle yepamberi yemafuta uye angle yepakati pemafuta e cylinder yega yega zvinowanzo shandurwa, izvo zvinoita kuti kupisa kwedhiziri kuwedzere, uye simba uye hupfumi hweinjini yedhiziri. Kushanda kunoderera, uye panguva imwe chete, zvinonetsa kutanga, kusagadzikana mukushanda, ruzha rusina kujairika uye kupisa zvakanyanya. Mukushandisa chaiko, vatyairi vazhinji vanoteerera kuongororwa uye kugadziriswa kwe angle yepamberi yemafuta, asi vanofuratira kuongororwa uye kugadziriswa kwe angle yepakati yemafuta (inosanganisira kugadziriswa kwe angle yepamberi yemafuta e pombi imwe chete). Zvisinei, nekuda kwekupera kwe camshafts nezvikamu zve roller transmission, mafuta ema cylinders asara haasi nguva chaiyo, izvo zvinozotungamirawo kunetsa kutanga injini yedhiziri, simba risina kukwana, uye kushanda kusina kugadzikana, kunyanya kune pombi yekuisa mafuta yave ichishandiswa kwenguva yakareba. Zvinonzi kutarisisa kwakawanda kunofanirwa kupihwa pakuongororwa uye kugadziriswa kwe angle yepakati yemafuta.
9. Kugara uchitarisa nzvimbo ye camshaft.
Kubviswa kweaxial kwecamshaft yepombi yemafuta kwakaoma zvikuru, kazhinji pakati pe0.03 ne0.15mm. Kana nzvimbo yacho yakakura zvakanyanya, zvinozowedzera kukanganiswa kwezvikamu zve roller transmission panzvimbo yekushanda yecam, nokudaro zvichiwedzera kupera kwekam pamusoro pecam uye kuchinja supply. Oil advance angle; Camshaft bearing shaft uye radial clearance zvakakura zvakanyanya, izvo zviri nyore kukonzera camshaft kuti ishande zvisina kuenzana, oil volume adjustment lever inozununguka, uye oil supply volume inochinja nguva nenguva, izvo zvinoita kuti injini yedhiziri isashande zvakanaka, saka zvakakosha kutarisa nekugadzirisa nguva dzose. Kana axial clearance yecamshaft yakakura zvakanyanya, shims dzinogona kuwedzerwa kumativi ese kuti dzigadziriswe. Kana radial clearance yakakura zvakanyanya, zvinowanzodiwa kutsiva chigadzirwa chitsva.
10. Gara uchitarisa kusakara kwenzira dzemakiyi dzakakodzera uye mabhaudhi ekugadzirisa.
Makiyi nemabhowuti akakodzera anonyanya kureva makiyi ecamshaft, makiyi eflange ekubatanidza (mapombi emafuta anotumira simba nemacoupling), makiyi esemicircular uye mabhowuti ekugadzirisa macoupling. Makiyi ecamshaft, flange keyway uye semicircular key yepombi yemafuta yave ichishandiswa kwenguva yakareba, uye emwenje anosakara, izvo zvinoita kuti keyway ikure, kiyi yesemicircular haina kuiswa zvakasimba, uye kona yekufambisa mafuta inoshanduka; kana yakakomba, kiyi inodonha, zvichikonzera kutadza kwekutumira simba. , saka zvakakosha kutarisa nguva nenguva nekugadzirisa kana kutsiva zvikamu zvakasakara nenguva.
Zvekungwaririra
Zvinokurudzira Dhiziri
1. Mhete yeO-ring yeinjector yakuvara;
2. Kusashanda zvakanaka kweinjector, mafuta anodonhedza;
3. Kuisa injector zvisina kunaka;
4. O-ring haina kutsiviwa pakaiswa injector.
Kuchengetera jenareta yeCummins kunofanirwa kutarisisa:
1) Nzvimbo yekuchengetera tangi remafuta inofanira kunge yakachengeteka kudzivirira moto. Tangi remafuta kana dhiramu remafuta rinofanira kuiswa panzvimbo inoonekwa yoga, kure neseti yejenareta redhiziri, uye zvinorambidzwa zvachose kusvuta.
2) Kugona kwemafuta mutangi remafuta kunofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti mafuta anowanikwa zuva nezuva.
3) Mushure mekunge tangi remafuta raiswa, huwandu hwepamusoro hwemafuta hahugone kupfuura mamita 2.5 pamusoro pehwaro hwejenareta redhiziri. Kana huwandu hwemafuta enzvimbo huru yemafuta hwakakwira kupfuura mamita 2.5, tangi remafuta rezuva nezuva rinofanira kuwedzerwa pakati penzvimbo huru yemafuta neyuniti kuti mafuta aendeswe zvakananga. Kwete kupfuura mamita 2.5. Kunyangwe injini yedhiziri yadzimwa, mafuta haabvumirwi kuyerera muinjini yedhiziri kuburikidza netambo yekupinda mafuta kana tambo yekuisa mafuta negiravhiti.
4) Kuramba kuri pachiteshi chemafuta hakubvumirwi kudarika kukosha kwakataurwa pamapepa ese edata rekushanda kweinjini yedhiziri kana uchishandisa chinhu chekuchenesa chakacheneswa. Kukosha uku kwekuramba kwakavakirwa pahafu yemafuta ari mutangi remafuta.
5) Kudzivirira kudzoka kwemafuta hakufanirwe kudarika zvinodiwa papepa redata rekushanda kweinjini yedhiziri inoshandiswa.
6) Kubatana kwepombi yemafuta emafuta hakufanirwe kukonzera mafungu ekuvhunduka mupombi yemafuta emafuta.
