wet
Wet Sump
mafuta pani
Mota zhinji dzinoonekwa pamusika mapani emafuta akanyorova. Chikonzero chinoita kuti vanzi mapani emafuta akanyorova ndechekuti crankshaft crankshaft uye kumagumo kwetambo yekubatanidza injini inonyudzwa mumafuta ekuzora epani yemafuta kamwe chete kutenderera kwe crankshaft. Panguva imwecheteyo, nekuda kwekumhanya-mhanya kwe crankshaft, pese painonyudzwa crankshaft mudziva remafuta nekumhanya kwakanyanya, mamwe mafuta anoputika uye mhute yemafuta anomutswa kuzora crankshaft uye gwenzi rinotakura. inonzi splash lubrication. Nenzira iyi, pane zvimwe zvinodiwa pachiyero chemvura yemafuta ekuzora mupani yemafuta. Kana yakanyanya kuderera, crankshaft crankshaft uye mugumo mukuru wetambo yekubatanidza haigone kunyudzwa mumafuta ekuzora, zvichikonzera kushaikwa kwekuzora uye yakatsetseka crankshaft, tsvimbo yekubatanidza uye gwenzi rinotakura. ; Kana iyo mafuta ekuzora yakakwira zvakanyanya, kutakura kuchanyudzwa mukati mese, izvo zvichawedzera kutenderera kwekupokana kwe crankshaft, izvo zvinozopedzisira zvatungamira mukuderera kwekuita kweinjini.
Iyi nzira yekuzora ine chimiro chakareruka uye haidi yakawedzera mafuta tangi, asi kurerekera kwemotokari hakufanirwe kunge kwakakurisa, zvikasadaro zvinokonzeresa tsaona inopisa silinda nekuda kwekutadza kwemafuta uye kubuda kwemafuta.
dry
Dry Sump
Dry sumps inoshandiswa mumajini akawanda emujaho. Iyo haichengete mafuta mune sump, zvakanyanya, hapana mafuta sump. Iko kukweshana kwenzvimbo dzekufamba uku mu crankcase inozorwa nekutsikirira kunze oiri kuburikidza neimwe neimwe orifice. Sezvo iyo yakaoma sump injini inodzima basa rekuchengetedza oiri yeoiri sump, kureba kwemafuta asina kuchena sump kunodzikiswa zvakanyanya, uye kureba kweinjini zvakare kwakaderedzwa. Chakanyanya kunaka ndechekuti inodzivirira iyo yakaipa zviitiko zve wet sump inokonzerwa nekutyaira kwakanyanya.
Nekudaro, kudzvanywa kwese kwemafuta ekuzora kunobva papombi yemafuta. Simba repombi yemafuta rinobatanidzwa nemagiya kuburikidza nekutenderera kwe crankshaft. Kunyangwe mune inonyorova sump injini, pombi yemafuta inodiwawo kuti ipe pressure lubrication yecamshaft. Asi dzvinyiriro iyi idiki, uye pombi yemafuta inoda simba shoma. Muinjini dzakaoma sump, zvisinei, simba reiyi yekumanikidza lubrication inoda kuve yakakura. Uye saizi yepombi yemafuta zvakare yakakura kudarika pombi yemafuta yewet sump injini. Naizvozvo, pombi yemafuta inoda simba rakawanda panguva ino. Izvi zvakaita sejini ine supercharged, pombi yemafuta inoda kushandisa chikamu chesimba reinjini. Kunyanya pakumhanya kukuru, kana injini ichimhanya ichiwedzera, kusimba kwekufamba kwezvikamu zvekukwesha kunowedzera, uye mamwe mafuta anodiwa pakuzora, saka pombi yemafuta inoda kupa kudzvanywa kwakawanda, uye kushandiswa kwesimba re crankshaft kunowedzerwawo.
Zviripachena, dhizaini yakadaro haina kukodzera kune yakajairika injini dzemotokari, nekuti inoda kurasikirwa nechikamu chesimba reinjini, iyo isingakanganisi chete kubuda kwemagetsi, asiwo haina kubatsira mukuvandudza hupfumi. Naizvozvo, iyo yakaoma sump inongoshongedzerwa neyakakura yekutamisa kana yakakwira-simba injini, senge idzo mota dzemitambo dzinoberekerwa kutyaira zvakanyanya. Semuenzaniso, Lamborghini inotora dhizaini yeoiri yakaoma sump. Nekuda kwayo, zvinonyanya kukosha kuvandudza iyo lubrication mhedzisiro pamuganho uye kuwana yakaderera nzvimbo yegiravhiti, uye kurasikirwa kwesimba kunogona kubhadharwa nekuwedzera kutama uye zvimwe zvinhu. Kana zviri zvehupfumi Zvepabonde chimwe chinhu modhi iyi haifanire kufunga zvachose.
Kushanda uye kugadzirisa
Iyo mafuta jekiseni pombi chikamu chakakosha chedhiziri generator mafuta ekupa system, uye mamiriro ayo ekushanda anobata zvakananga simba, hupfumi uye kuvimbika kwejenareta dizeli. Kugadzirisa kwakaringana chinhu chakakosha chinodiwa kuti uve nechokwadi chekushanda kwakajairika kwepombi jekiseni remafuta uye kurebesa hupenyu hwayo hwesevhisi. Izvi zvinotevera "gumi zvinhu" zvinokudzidzisa nzira yekuchengetedza pombi jekiseni remafuta ejenareta redhiziri:
1. Kuti uchengetedze zvakakodzera zvinhu zvepombi jekiseni remafuta.
Chivharo cheparutivi chepombi yepombi, dipstick yemafuta, plug yekuwedzera mafuta (respirator), vharuvhu yekudurura mafuta, plug yemafuta edziva, screw level, bhaudhi yepombi yemafuta, nezvimwe zvinofanirwa kuchengetedzwa. Izvi zvishongedzo zvinoita basa rakakosha mukushanda kwepombi jekiseni remafuta. basa rinokosha. Semuenzaniso, chifukidziro chemativi chinogona kudzivirira kupindira kwetsvina seguruva nemvura, iyo inofema (ine sefa) inogona kudzivirira zvinobudirira kuparara kwemafuta, uye vheji yekuyerera kwemafuta inovimbisa kuti hurongwa hwemafuta hune imwe dzvinyiriro uye inoita. kusapinda mumhepo. Naizvozvo, zvinodikanwa kusimbisa kuchengetedza kwezvishandiso izvi, uye kugadzirisa kana kuzvitsiva nenguva kana zvakakuvara kana kurasika.
2. Gara uchitarisa kana huwandu hwemafuta uye hutano mumudziyo wemafuta wepombi jekiseni remafuta zvinosangana nezvinodiwa.
Usati watanga jenareta redhiziri, huwandu uye mhando yemafuta ari mupombi jekiseni remafuta inofanirwa kutariswa nguva yega yega (kunze kwepombi yejenereta yemafuta inomanikidzwa kuzora neinjini) kuve nechokwadi chekuti huwandu hwemafuta hwakakwana uye. kunaka kwakanaka. Zvikasadaro, zvinokonzeresa kupera kwekutanga kweplunger uye peiri yeoiri yekubuda kwevhavha, zvichikonzera kusakwana kwesimba reinjini yedhiziri, kuomerwa nekutanga, uye mumatambudziko akaomarara, kukora uye kukora kweiyo plunger uye mafuta ekubuda kwevhavha peya. Nekuda kwekudonha kwemukati kwepombi yemafuta, kusashanda zvakanaka kwevharuvhu yekuburitsa mafuta, kupera kwetappet uye casing yepombi yekufambisa mafuta, uye kukuvadzwa kwemhete yekuisa chisimbiso, mafuta edhiziri anodonhedza mudziva remafuta uye kunyungudutsa mafuta. Nokudaro, inofanira kuchinjwa munguva maererano nehutano hwemafuta. Iyo tangi yakanyatsocheneswa kuti ibvise sludge uye mamwe matsvina ari pasi petangi remafuta, kana zvisina kudaro mafuta anozoora mushure menguva pfupi yekushandiswa. Huwandu hwemafuta hahufanire kunge hwakawandisa kana hushoma. Mafuta akawandisa mugavhuna anozotungamira nyore "kumhanya" kweinjini yedhiziri. Mafuta mashoma anokonzeresa kusazora mafuta. Dipstick yeoiri kana siruu yeparani yemafuta ndiyo ichashanda. Mukuwedzera, kana injini yedhiziri isingashandisi kwenguva yakareba, zvakakosha kutarisa kana pane kusvibiswa kwakadai semvura uye mafuta edhiziri mumafuta mumafuta epombi yemafuta. Zvimedu zvine ngura zvakanamira uye zvakakweshwa.
3. Nguva dzose chengetedza uye gadzirisa kugovera kwemafuta ega yega silinda yepombi yejojo yemafuta.
Nekuda kwekupfeka kweiyo plunger coupler uye yeoiri yekubuda kwevhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavha, kudonha kwemukati kwemafuta edhiziri kuchaita kuti kupihwa kwemafuta kwecylinder yega yega kudzikire kana kusaenzana, zvichikonzera kunetsa kutanga injini yedhiziri, kusakwana simba, kuwedzera kushandiswa kwemafuta. , uye kushanda kusina kugadzikana. Naizvozvo, zvinodikanwa kugara uchitarisa uye kugadzirisa kupihwa kwemafuta ega yega silinda yepombi jekiseni remafuta kuti ive nechokwadi chekuita kwesimba reinjini yedhiziri. Mukushandiswa chaiko, huwandu hwemafuta ehumburumbira hwega hwega hunogona kutariswa nekucherechedza utsi hwekubuda kwejenareta redhiziri, kuteerera kurira kweinjini, uye kubata tembiricha yekuburitsa manifold.
4. Shandisa mapaipi emafuta epamusoro-soro.
Munguva yekupihwa kwemafuta epombi jekiseni repombi, nekuda kwekumisikika kwemafuta edhiziri uye kunyungudika kwepombi yemafuta ekudzvanya, mafuta edhiziri akakwira anozoita kushanduka kwepombi, uye zvinotora nguva yakati kuti. iyo pressure wave kutumira mupombi. Huwandu hwakafanana, injini yedhiziri inoshanda zvakanaka, uye kureba uye dhayamita yepombi yemafuta ekumanikidza inosarudzwa mushure mekuverenga. Naizvozvo, kana pombi yemafuta ekudzvanya kweimwe silinda yakuvadzwa, pombi yemafuta yehurefu hwakaenzana uye dhayamita yepombi inofanira kutsiviwa. Mukushandiswa chaiko, nekuda kwekushaikwa kwepombi dzemafuta akajairika, mamwe mapaipi emafuta anoshandiswa panzvimbo, zvisinei nekuti kureba uye dhayamita yepombi dzemafuta zvakafanana, kuitira kuti kureba uye dhayamita yepombi dzemafuta zvakasiyana zvakanyanya. Kunyangwe ichigona kushandiswa mukurumidziro, inotungamira mukupihwa kwemafuta ecylinder. Shanduko yekumberi kwekona uye huwandu hwekupa mafuta hunoita kuti muchina wese ushande usina kugadzikana, saka yakajairika yakakwira-kudzvanywa pombi yemafuta inofanirwa kushandiswa mukushandiswa.
5. Nguva dzose chengetedza mamiriro ekuvhara kwevhavha coupler pamushini.
Mushure mekunge pombi jekiseni remafuta richishanda kwenguva yakati rebei, nekutarisa kuvharika kwevhavha yekuburitsa mafuta, mutongo wakaoma unogona kuitwa pakupfeka kweplunger uye mamiriro ekushanda epombi yemafuta, iyo inobatsira kuona kugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa nzira. Paunenge uchitarisa, sunungura majoini epombi yemafuta ekudzvanya kwecylinder yega yega, uye shandisa pombi yeoiri yemaoko yepombi inotakura mafuta kupomba oiri. Kana mafuta achiyerera achibuda mumafuta pombi majoini ari pamusoro pepombi jekiseni remafuta, zvinoreva kuti vharuvhu yekubuda kwemafuta haina kuvharwa zvakanaka (zvechokwadi, kana chitubu chevhavha yemafuta chikaputsika, ichaitawo Kana izvi zvikaitika), kana pane chisimbiso chakaipa mu-multi-cylinder, pombi yejekiseni yemafuta inofanira kunyatsogadziriswa uye kuchengetedzwa, uye iyo coupler inofanira kutsiviwa.
6. Tsiva plunger yakasakara uye mafuta ekubuda kwevharuvhu peya nenguva.
Kana zvikaonekwa kuti injini yedhiziri yakaoma kutanga, simba rinodzikira, uye kushandiswa kwemafuta kunowedzera, uye pombi jekiseni remafuta uye jekiseni remafuta hazvisati zvavandudzwa nekugadzirisa pombi jekiseni remafuta, pombi jekiseni repombi uye mafuta. vharafu yekubuda inofanira kubviswa uye kuongororwa. Kana iyo plunger nevharuvhu yekuburitsa mafuta zvakapfekwa kune imwe nhanho dhigirii, inofanira kutsiviwa nekufamba kwenguva, usasimbirire kushandisa zvakare. Diesel injini yekutanga matambudziko, kuwedzera kushandiswa kwemafuta, simba risingakwanisi uye kumwe kurasikirwa kunokonzerwa nekupfeka kwezvikamu zvekubatanidza zvinodarika mutengo wekutsiva zvikamu zvekubatanidza, uye simba uye hupfumi hweinjini yedhiziri huchavandudzwa zvakanyanya mushure mekutsiviwa. Kutsiva zvikamu.
7. Mafuta edhiziri anofanira kushandiswa uye kusefa zvakanaka kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti mafuta edhiziri anopinda mupombi yejojo yemafuta akachena kwazvo.
Kazhinji kutaura, majenareta edhiziri ane zvinodiwa zvakanyanya pakusefa kwedhiziri kupfuura injini dzepeturu. Mafuta edhiziri anosangana nemagiredhi anodiwa anofanirwa kusarudzwa kuti ashandiswe, uye anofanirwa kunaya kweinenge maawa makumi mana nemasere. Simbisa kucheneswa uye kuchengetedza kwedhiziri sefa, chenesa kana kutsiva iyo sefa chinhu munguva; chenesa tangi redhiziri nenguva zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze ekushanda, nyatso bvisa sludge uye hunyoro pazasi petangi remafuta, uye chero tsvina iri mudhiziri inokanganisa plunger yepombi jekiseni remafuta uye kubuda kwemafuta. Kuora kwakakomba kana kupera kwevhavha couplers uye kutapurirana zvikamu.
8. Gara uchitarisa uye ugadzirise mafuta ekufambisa mberi kwekona yepombi jekiseni yepombi uye mafuta ekupa interval angle ye cylinder imwe neimwe.
Panguva yekushandiswa, nekuda kwekusunungurwa kwemabhaudhi ekubatanidza uye nekupfeka kwecamshaft nenhengo dzemuviri dzema roller, kona yepamberi yekupihwa kwemafuta uye iyo yekupa mafuta epakati angle yecylinder yega yega inoshandurwa, izvo zvinoita kuti kupisa kwedhiziri kuwedzere, uye simba uye hupfumi hweinjini yedhiziri. Kuita kwacho kunokanganisa, uye panguva imwe chete, zvakaoma kutanga, kusagadzikana mukushanda, ruzha rusina kujairika uye kupisa. Mukushandiswa chaiko, vatyairi vazhinji vanotarisisa kuongororwa uye kugadzirisa kweiyo yakazara mafuta ekufambisa emberi angle, asi furatira kuongororwa uye kugadziridzwa kweiyo mafuta ekupa interval angle angle (inosanganisira kugadziridzwa kwepombi imwe chete yekupa mafuta epamberi angle). Nekudaro, nekuda kwekupfeka kwema camshafts uye ma roller transmission parts, kupihwa kwemafuta kwemasilinda asara hakureve nguva, izvo zvinozotungamira kune kunetsa kutanga injini yedhiziri, simba risina kukwana, uye kusagadzikana kushanda, kunyanya pombi yejekiseni yemafuta. iyo yakashandiswa kwenguva refu. Zvinonzi kutariswa kwakawanda kunofanirwa kubhadharwa kune kuongororwa uye kugadziriswa kweiyo mafuta ekupa interval angle.
9. Kugara uchitarisa camshaft clearance.
Iyo axial clearance yecamshaft yepombi jekiseni remafuta yakasimba kwazvo, kazhinji iri pakati pe0.03 ne0.15mm. Kana iyo clearance yakakurisa, ichawedzera kukanganisa kweiyo roller transmission parts pane yekushanda pamusoro pekamera, nekudaro ichiwedzera kupfeka kwekutanga kwekamera uye nekuchinja kugovera. Oil advance angle; Iyo camshaft inotakura shaft uye radial clearance yakakura kwazvo, izvo zviri nyore kuita kuti camshaft ishande zvisina kuenzana, iyo mafuta vhoriyamu inogadziriswa lever inodedera, uye huwandu hwemafuta emafuta hunochinja nguva nenguva, izvo zvinoita kuti injini yedhiziri ishande isina kugadzikana, saka zvinodikanwa tarisa uye gadzirisa nguva dzose. Kana iyo axial clearance yecamshaft yakakura kwazvo, shims inogona kuwedzerwa pamativi ese kuti igadziriswe. Kana iyo radial clearance yakakurisa, zvinowanzodikanwa kutsiva chigadzirwa chitsva.
10. Nguva dzose chengetedza kupfeka kwekiyi yakakosha uye kugadzirisa mabhoti.
Makiyi makiyi nemabhaudhi anonyanya kutaura nezve camshaft keyways, kubatanidza flange keyways (mapombi emafuta anoendesa simba nekubatanidza), semicircular kiyi uye kubatanidza mabhaudhi ekugadzirisa. Iyo camshaft keyway, flange keyway uye semicircular kiyi yepombi jekiseni remafuta zvave zvichishandiswa kwenguva yakareba, uye iwo akareruka akasakara, izvo zvinoita kuti kiyi ive yakafara, kiyi ye semicircular haina kuisirwa zvakasimba, uye mberi kona yemafuta. kupa shanduko; mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, kiyi inodonha, zvichiita kuti kukundikana kwekufambisa simba. , saka zvakakosha kuti utarise nguva dzose uye kugadzirisa kana kutsiva zvikamu zvakasakara nenguva.
Zvekungwaririra
Diesel Incentives
1. I-O-ring yeinjector yakakuvadzwa;
2. Atomization isina kunaka yeinjector, mafuta anodonha;
3. Kuiswa kusina kunaka kweinjector;
4. O-ring haina kutsiviwa apo jekiseni rakadzorerwa.
Cummins jenareta yekuchengetedza inofanirwa kutarisisa kune:
1) Nzvimbo yekuchengetera tangi yemafuta inofanirwa kuve yakachengeteka kudzivirira moto. Tangi yemafuta kana dhiramu yemafuta inofanira kuiswa panzvimbo inooneka yoga, zvakanaka kure nejenareta redhiziri, uye inorambidzwa zvachose kusvuta.
2) Kuwanda kwemafuta mutangi yemafuta kunofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekupihwa kwemazuva ese.
3) Mushure mekunge tangi yemafuta yaiswa, iyo yakanyanya mafuta mwero haigone kunge yakakwira kupfuura 2.5 metres pamusoro pechigadziko chedhiziri jenareta. Kana huwandu hwemafuta hwenzvimbo huru yemafuta hwakakwira kupfuura 2.5 metres, tangi yemafuta yemazuva ese inofanirwa kuwedzerwa pakati penzvimbo hombe yemafuta uye yuniti kuti iite kudzvanywa kwekutakura mafuta kwakananga. Kwete kupfuura 2.5 mamita. Kunyange kana injini yedhiziri yakadzimwa, mafuta haabvumirwi kuyerera achipinda muinjini yedhiziri kuburikidza nemutsetse wekupinza mafuta kana mutsara wejekiseni negiravhiti.
4) Kupokana pachiteshi cheoiri hakubvumidzwe kudarika kukosha kwakatsanangurwa pane ese dizeli injini performance data sheets kana uchishandisa yakachena sefa chinhu. Uku kukosha kwekupikisa kunobva pahafu yemafuta mutangi yemafuta.
5) Kuramba kwemafuta ekudzoka hakufanirwe kudarika zvakatemwa pane dhizaini rekuita reinjini yedhiziri inoshandiswa.
6) Kubatana kwepombi yemafuta ekudzosa pombi haifanire kuita kuti masaisai ekuvhundutsa aoneke mupombi yemafuta emafuta.
