Ruoko rwekuzunguza runowanzo kuwanikwa pakati pevhiri nemuviri, uye chinhu chekuchengetedza chine hukama nemutyairi anotumira simba, anonetesa kutapurirana, uye anodzora gwara.
Ruoko rwekuzunguza runowanzo kuwanikwa pakati pevhiri nemuviri, uye chinhu chekuchengetedza chine chekuita nemutyairi anotumira simba, anoderedza kutapurirana, uye anodzora gwara. Ichi chinyorwa chinosuma yakajairika dhizaini dhizaini yeruwoko rwekuzunguza pamusika, uye inoenzanisa uye inoongorora pesvedzero yezvimiro zvakasiyana pamaitiro, mhando uye mutengo.
Mota chassis kumiswa yakakamurwa kuita kumberi kumisa uye kumashure kumiswa. Zvese zviri kumberi nekumashure zvinorembesa zvine maoko ekuswing ekubatanidza mavhiri nemuviri. Maoko anozunguza anowanzo kuwanikwa pakati pemavhiri nemuviri.
Basa regwara rinotenderedza ruoko nderekubatanidza vhiri uye furemu, kufambisa simba, kuderedza vibration kutapurirana, uye kutonga kwainoenda. Icho chikamu chekuchengetedza chinosanganisira mutyairi. Kune masimba-anotumira maumbirwo ezvikamu muhurongwa hwekumisa, kuitira kuti mavhiri afambe achienderana nemuviri zvinoenderana neimwe nzira. Izvo zvikamu zvekugadzirisa zvinotumira mutoro, uye iyo yose yekumisa system inotakura kubata kwekuita kwemotokari.
Zvakajairwa mabasa uye dhizaini dhizaini yemotokari inozunguza ruoko
1. Kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekutakura mutoro, swing arm chimiro dhizaini uye tekinoroji
Mota zhinji dzemazuvano dzinoshandisa yakazvimirira suspension systems. Zvinoenderana neakasiyana maumbirwo mafomu, yakazvimirira kuturika masisitimu anogona kukamurwa kuita wishbone mhando, trailing ruoko rudzi, multi-link mhando, kenduru mhando uye McPherson mhando. Ruoko rwemuchinjikwa neruwoko rwunotevera chimiro chemasimba maviri kune rumwe ruoko mu-multi-link, ine mapoinzi maviri ekubatanidza. Tsvimbo mbiri dzemasimba maviri dzakaunganidzwa pamubatanidzwa wepasi rose pane imwe kona, uye mitsetse yekubatanidza yezvisungo zvinoumba chimiro chetriangular. Iyo MacPherson yekumberi yakamiswa ruoko rwezasi ndeye yakajairwa matatu-mapoinzi anozunguza ruoko ane matatu ekubatanidza mapoinzi. Mutsetse unobatanidza mapoinzi matatu ekubatanidza igadziriso yakatsiga yetriangular inokwanisa kumira mitoro munzira dzakawanda.
Chimiro chemaoko maviri-simba chinozunguza chiri nyore, uye dhizaini yezvimiro inowanzotemwa zvichienderana neakasiyana hunyanzvi hunyanzvi uye kugadzirisa nyore kwekambani yega yega. Semuenzaniso, iyo yakadhindwa pepa simbi dhizaini (ona Mufananidzo 1), iyo dhizaini dhizaini iplati imwe yesimbi isina welding, uye mhango yemaitiro inonyanya muchimiro che "I"; iyo sheet metal welded structure (ona Mufananidzo 2), chimiro chekugadzira isimbi yakashongedzwa nesimbi, uye mhango yekugadzira yakawanda Iri muchimiro che "口"; kana mahwendefa ekusimbisa emunharaunda anoshandiswa kusungira uye kusimbisa nzvimbo ine ngozi; iyo simbi yekugadzira muchina wekugadzirisa chimiro, iyo dhizaini mhango yakasimba, uye chimiro chinonyanya kugadziridzwa zvinoenderana nechassis dhizaini zvinodiwa; iyo aluminium forging machine processing structure (ona Mufananidzo 3), chimiro Iyo mhango yakasimba, uye zvinodiwa zvechimiro zvakafanana nesimbi yekugadzira; iyo simbi pombi chimiro chiri nyore mukugadzirisa, uye mhango yemaitiro idenderedzwa.
Chimiro chetatu-point swing ruoko chakaomarara, uye dhizaini yemaitiro inowanzotemwa maererano nezvinodiwa zveOEM. Mukuongorora kwekufambisa kutevedzera, ruoko rwekuzunguza harugone kukanganisa zvimwe zvikamu, uye mazhinji acho ane zvishoma zvinhambwe zvinodiwa. Semuenzaniso, iyo yakadhindwa pepa simbi dhizaini inonyanya kushandiswa panguva imwe chete iyo shizha simbi welded chimiro, iyo sensor harness gomba kana stabilizer bar yekubatanidza tsvimbo yekubatanidza bracket, nezvimwewo ichachinja dhizaini dhizaini yeruwoko rwekuzunguza; mhango yemaitiro ichiri muchimiro che "muromo", uye swing arm cavity ichaita Chimiro chakavharwa chiri nani pane chimiro chisina kuvharwa. Kugadzira dhizaini yemuchina, iyo dhizaini mhango inowanzo "Ini" chimiro, icho chine hunhu hwechinyakare hwekuzununguka uye kukotama kuramba; casting machined chimiro, chimiro uye mhango yezvimiro zvinonyanya kugadzirirwa mbabvu dzinosimbisa uye maburi ekuderedza uremu zvichienderana nehunhu hwekukanda; sheet metal welding Chimiro chakasanganiswa nekugadzira, nekuda kwezvimiro zvenzvimbo zvinodiwa chesi yemotokari, bhora rekubatanidza rinosanganiswa mukugadzira, uye kuumbwa kwakabatana nesimbi simbi; iyo cast-forged aruminiyamu machining chimiro inopa zvirinani kushandiswa kwezvinhu uye kubereka pane kugadzira, uye ine Iyo yepamusoro kune simba rezvinhu zvekukanda, iko kushandiswa kwehunyanzvi hutsva.
2. Deredza kutapurirana kwekudengenyeka kumuviri, uye dhizaini yechinhu elastic pane yekubatanidza yeruwoko.
Sezvo mugwagwa urikuchaira mota usingakwanise kunyatsoti sandara, simba rekuita rakamira remumugwagwa rinoshanda pamavhiri rinowanzo kanganisa, kunyanya kana uchityaira uchimhanya munzira yakaipa, simba iri rinokonzerawo mutyairi. kunzwa kusagadzikana. , elastic elements inoiswa mu suspension system, uye iyo yakasimba yekubatanidza inoshandurwa kuita elastic connection. Mushure mekunge iyo elastic element yakanganiswa, inogadzira vibration, uye kuenderera mberi kwekudedera kunoita kuti mutyairi anzwe kusagadzikana, saka iyo yekumisikidza system inoda damping zvinhu kudzikisa vibration amplitude nekukurumidza.
Iwo mapoinzi ekubatanidza mune yekugadzira dhizaini yeruoko inozungunuka ndeye elastic element yekubatanidza uye bhora rekubatanidza kubatana. Izvo elastic zvinhu zvinopa vibration damping uye nhamba diki yekutenderera uye oscillating madhigirii erusununguko. Rubber bushings anowanzo shandiswa seya elastic components mumotokari, uye hydraulic bushings uye cross hinges inoshandiswawo.
Mufananidzo 2 Sheet simbi welding swing ruoko
Chimiro cherabha bushing inonyanya kuve pombi yesimbi ine rabha kunze, kana sandwich chimiro chesimbi pombi-rabha-simbi pombi. Iyo yemukati simbi pombi inoda kumanikidza kuramba uye dhayamita zvinodiwa, uye anti-skid serrations zvakajairika kumativi ese ari maviri. Iyo rubber layer inogadzirisa iyo fomula yezvinhu uye dhizaini chimiro zvinoenderana neyakasiyana rigidity zvinodiwa.
Mhete yesimbi yekunze kazhinji ine chinodiwa chelead-in angle, icho chinokodzera kudzvanya-fitting.
Iyo hydraulic bushing ine yakaomesesa chimiro, uye icho chigadzirwa chine yakaoma maitiro uye yakakwirira yakawedzera kukosha muchikamu chebushing. Murabha mune gomba, uye mune mafuta mugomba. Iyo cavity chimiro dhizaini inoitwa zvinoenderana nekuita zvinodiwa zvebushing. Kana mafuta akadonha, bushing rinokuvadzwa. Hydraulic bushings inogona kupa zvirinani kuomarara curve, zvichikanganisa kutyaira kwese kwemotokari.
Muchinjikwa hinge ine chimiro chakaoma uye chikamu chinoumbwa cherabha nemahinji ebhora. Inogona kupa kusimba kuri nani kupfuura bhuranzi, swing angle uye kutenderera angle, yakakosha kuomarara curve, uye kusangana nezvinodiwa zvemotokari yese. Yakakuvadzwa mahinji emuchinjiko anoburitsa ruzha mukombi kana mota ichifamba.
3. Nekufamba kwevhiri, dhizaini yedhizaini yechinhu chinozunguza panzvimbo yekubatanidza yeruwoko.
Nzira isina kuenzana yemugwagwa inoita kuti mavhiri asvetuke kumusoro uye pasi maererano nemuviri (furemu), uye panguva imwechete mavhiri anofamba, zvakadai sekutendeuka, kuenda zvakananga, nezvimwewo, zvinoda trajectory yemavhiri kuti asangane nezvimwe zvinodiwa. Ruoko rwekuzunguza uye mubatanidzwa wepasi rose zvinonyanya kubatanidzwa nehinge yebhora.
Iyo hinge yebhora reruoko inogona kupa kona yekugezera yakakura kupfuura ± 18 °, uye inogona kupa kona yekutenderera ye360 °. Inonyatsosangana nevhiri runout uye chidhiraivho zvinodiwa. Uye iyo hinge yebhora inosangana newaranti inodiwa yemakore maviri kana 60,000 km uye 3 makore kana 80,000 km yemotokari yese.
Zvinoenderana neakasiyana nzira dzekubatanidza pakati peruoko rwekuzunguza uye bhora hinge (ball joint), inogona kupatsanurwa kuita bhaudhi kana rivet kubatana, ball hinge ine flange; press-fit interference connection, iyo hinge yebhora haina flange; yakabatanidzwa, ruoko rwekuzunguza uye hinge yebhora Zvese mune imwe. Kune imwechete sheet simbi chimiro uye akawanda-sheet simbi welded chimiro, ekare marudzi maviri ekubatanidza anoshandiswa zvakanyanya; iyo yekupedzisira yekubatanidza senge simbi yekugadzira, aluminium forging uye cast iron inonyanya kushandiswa.
Iyo hinge yebhora inoda kusangana nekupikiswa kwekupfeka pasi pemamiriro emutoro, nekuda kweiyo hombe yekushanda kona kupfuura bushing, iyo yakakwirira hupenyu hunodiwa. Naizvozvo, iyo hinge yebhora inodiwa kuti igadziriswe seyakasanganiswa chimiro, kusanganisira yakanaka lubrication yekuswing uye isina guruva uye isina mvura lubrication system.
Mufananidzo 3 Aluminium yakagadzira ruoko runozungunuka
Mhedzisiro yekugadzira ruoko rwe swing pamhando uye mutengo
1. Quality factor: iyo yakareruka iri nani
Iyo yakasikwa frequency yemuviri (inozivikanwawo seyemahara vibration frequency yeiyo vibration system) inotemerwa nekuoma kwekumiswa uye kuwanda kunotsigirwa neyakamiswa chitubu (sprung mass) ndeimwe yeakakosha maratidziro ekuita kweiyo suspension system inokanganisa kwira kunyaradza kwemota. The vertical vibration frequency inoshandiswa nemuviri wemunhu ndiko kuwanda kwemuviri uchifamba uchikwira nekudzika panguva yekufamba, ingangoita 1-1.6Hz. Muviri wechisikigo frequency inofanira kunge iri padyo sezvinobvira kune iyi frequency renji. Kana iyo kuomarara kweiyo suspension system inogara iripo, idiki iyo yakasimuka misa, iyo diki deformation yakatwasuka yekumisa, uye yakakwira yakajairika frequency.
Kana mutoro wakamira wakamira, kuomarara kudiki kwakarembera, kunodzikisira mafambiro echisikigo emotokari, uye nzvimbo yakakura inodiwa kuti vhiri risvetuke kumusoro nekudzika.
Kana mamiriro emugwagwa uye kumhanya kwemotokari kwakafanana, iyo idiki iyo isina kusimuka misa, idiki iyo inokonzeresa mutoro pane suspension system. Iyo unsprung mass inosanganisira vhiri misa, universal joint uye gwara ruoko ruoko, nezvimwe.
Kazhinji, ruwoko rwealuminium runozunguza rune huremu hwakareruka uye ruoko rwesimbi yekukandira rune huremu hukuru. Vamwe vari pakati.
Sezvo huremu hweseti yezvombo zvekuzunguza kazhinji isingasviki 10kg, zvichienzaniswa nemotokari ine huremu hunodarika 1000kg, huremu hweruwoko hwekuzunguza hune simba shoma pakushandisa mafuta.
2. Mutengo wezvinhu: zvinoenderana nechirongwa chekugadzira
Kana zvichidiwa zvakanyanya, mutengo unokwira. Pamusana pekuti simba rekugadzirisa uye kusimba kweruoko rwekuzununguka kunosangana nezvinodiwa, zvinodiwa zvekugadzira kushivirira, kuoma kwekugadzira maitiro, rudzi rwezvinhu uye kuwanikwa, uye zvidikanwi zvekuora kwepasi zvose zvinokanganisa mutengo. Semuenzaniso, anti-corrosion factors: electro-galvanized coating, kuburikidza nepamusoro passivation uye mamwe marapirwo, anogona kubudirira anenge 144h; Kudzivirirwa kwepamusoro kwakakamurwa kuita cathodic electrophoretic pendi coating, iyo inogona kuwana 240h corrosion resistance kuburikidza nekugadzirisa kwekuputira ukobvu uye nzira dzekurapa; zinc-iron Kana zinc-nickel coating, iyo inogona kusangana ne-anti-corrosion bvunzo zvinodiwa zvinodarika mazana mashanu. Sezvo corrosion test zvinodiwa zvichiwedzera, ndizvo zvinoitawo mutengo wechikamu.
Mutengo unogona kuderedzwa nekuenzanisa dhizaini uye magadzirirwo zvirongwa zveruwoko rwekuzunguza.
Sezvatinoziva tese, hurongwa hwakasiyana hwakaoma hunopa kutyaira kwakasiyana. Kunyanya, zvinofanirwa kutaurwa kuti iyo imwechete yakaoma point kurongeka uye akasiyana ekubatanidza poindi magadzirirwo anogona kupa akasiyana mutengo.
Kune marudzi matatu ekubatana pakati pezvikamu zvezvimiro uye majoini ebhora: kubatana kuburikidza nezvikamu zvakajairika (mabhaudhi, nzungu kana rivets), kupindira kwakakodzera kubatana uye kubatanidzwa. Kuenzaniswa neyakajairwa yekubatanidza chimiro, iyo yekupindira yakakodzera yekubatanidza chimiro inoderedza mhando dzezvikamu, senge mabhoti, nzungu, rivets uye zvimwe zvikamu. Iyo yakabatanidzwa imwe-chidimbu pane kupindira kwakakodzera yekubatanidza chimiro inoderedza huwandu hwezvikamu zvebhora rejoint joint shell.
Pane nzira mbiri dzekubatana pakati penhengo yechimiro uye elastic element: kumberi nekumashure elastic zvinhu zviri axially parallel uye axially perpendicular. Nzira dzakasiyana dzinosarudza maitiro akasiyana egungano. Semuenzaniso, iyo yekutsikirira nzira yebhushi iri munzira imwechete uye perpendicular kune inoswing ruoko ruoko. A single-station double-head press inogona kushandiswa kudzvanya-inokodzera kumberi uye kumashure mabhushi panguva imwe chete, kuchengetedza manpower, midziyo uye nguva; Kana iyo yekumisikidza nzira isingaenderane (yakatwasuka), imwe-chiteshi kaviri-musoro wokudhinda inogona kushandiswa kutsikirira uye kuisa bushing zvakatevedzana, kuchengetedza manpower uye zvishandiso; apo bushing rakagadzirirwa kudzvanywa mukati kubva mukati, zviteshi zviviri uye matsinha maviri anodiwa, zvakatevedzana dzvanya-inokodzera bushing.
