Ndezvipi zvinhu zvikuru zvinobatanidzwa muinjini?
Kuunganidzwa kukuru kwezvikamu zvinofamba zveinjini, kunowanzozivikanwa se crankshaft uye connecting rod mechanism, ndicho chikamu chikuru chinofamba cheinjini chinoita kuti simba rishandurwe.
Musangano uyu unonyanya kuumbwa nezvinhu zvinotevera:
Pistoni: Inofamba ichidzokera shure nekudzoka mu cylinder, iine kumanikidzwa kubva kumagasi anopisa.
Mhete yepiston: Yakaiswa papiston, inoita mabasa ekuvhara, kutamisa kupisa, uye kukwenya mafuta.
Pini yepiston: Inobatanidza piston netsvimbo inobatanidza, simba rekutumira.
Tsvimbo yekubatanidza: Inotamisa kufamba kwepiston kunodzokera kune crankshaft uye inoishandura kuita kufamba kwekutenderera.
Crankshaft: Inogamuchira simba kubva patsvimbo yekubatanidza uye inoshandura kufamba kwepiston kwemutsara kuita kufamba kwekutenderera, ichishanda semugodhi unobuda weinjini.
Chinobhururuka: Chinoiswa kumashure kwecrankshaft, chinochengeta nekuburitsa simba kuti injini ishande zvakanaka uye chinoshanda sechinhu chinobatanidza injini pakutanga nekutumira.
Zvinhu izvi zvinoshanda pamwe chete kuti zvipedzise kushandurwa kubva kusimba remakemikari kuenda kusimba remakanika, zvichiita kuti ive chinhu chikuru chinofamba cheinjini.
Muinjini, "chikamu chikuru chinofamba" chinowanzoreva crankshaft uye nzira yekubatanidza tsvimbo, inova ndiyo seti huru yezvinhu zvinofamba zvinogonesa kushandurwa kwesimba muinjini.
Basa rayo guru nderekushandura simba rekupisa rinogadzirwa nekupisa kwemafuta ari mu cylinder kuita simba remagetsi rinotenderera, nokudaro zvichiita kuti mota kana michina ishande.
Maitiro chaiwo ekushanda ndeaya anotevera:
Piston inofamba ichidzokera shure nekudzoka mu cylinder, iine kusundidzirwa kwakasimba kubva kumagasi anopisa.
Tsvimbo inobatanidza piston necrankshaft, ichitumira kufamba kwepiston kwakanangana uye ichiishandura kuita kutenderera kwecrankshaft.
Iyo crankshaft (inowanzo batanidzwa necrankshaft) inotumira simba rekutenderera kubhokisi remagiya, mavhiri ekutyaira, kana mimwe michina inoshanda.
Chinobhururuka (chinowanzo batanidzwa necrankshaft) chinochengeta simba uye chinoita kuti injini ishande zvakanaka, ichikunda kuramba kwekurohwa kusingashande.
Saka, crankshaft ne connecting rod mechanism ndiyo chinhu chikuru chinobatanidza chinogonesa kushandurwa kwe "chemical energy → thermal energy → mechanical energy" muinjini, uye inonzi "skeleton" uye power output centre yeinjini.
Kuunganidzwa kukuru kwezvikamu zvinofamba zveinjini kunowanzo kureva seti yezvinhu zviri mukati meinjini zvinotungamira kufamba kwepakati, kunyanya zvinosanganisira crankshaft, connecting rod, piston, piston ring, mavharuvhu, camshaft, timing chain kana belt, nezvimwewo. Izvi zvikamu zvinoshanda pamwe chete kushandura simba rinogadzirwa nekupisa mafuta kuita kufamba kwemuchina. Kana zvikamu izvi zvakakosha zvikakundikana, zvinotungamira zvakananga kudzikira kwekushanda kweinjini kana kutokundikana zvachose.
Zviratidzo zvinowanzoonekwa zvekukanganisa muchikamu chikuru cheinjini zvinosanganisira:
Ruzha rusina kujairika: Ruzha rwakajeka rwekugogodza (kugogodza), kurovera kwesimbi, kana ruzha rwakanyanya rwekugogodza runoitika mukati meinjini, izvo zvinowanzo kukonzerwa nekusakara kwakanyanya, kucheneswa kwakanyanya, kana kusanyorova kwepiston, mabearings ekubatanidza tsvimbo, kana main bearings ecrankshaft. Kureruka kwecheni/bhandi kana mazino ekusvetuka-svetuka zvinoburitsawo ruzha rwakakosha.
Kudzikiswa kwakanyanya kwesimba remotokari uye kudedera: Mota haina simba rekumhanyisa mota, inopindura zvishoma nezvishoma, uye inonzwa kudedera kuri pachena uye kunoramba kuripo kana isina kufamba kana ichityaira. Izvi zvinogona kunge zvichikonzerwa nekusakara kweringi yepiston zvichikonzera kushomeka kwemasilinda, mavharuvhu asina kusimba, kana kusarongeka zvakanaka kwenguva, zvichikonzera kudzikira kukuru mukushanda kwemoto.
Kubuda kweutsi hwakawanda: Pombi yekubuda kweutsi inogara ichiburitsa utsi hwakakora hwebhuruu, izvo zvinoratidza kuti mafuta ari kubuda mukamuri yekutsva, kazhinji zvichikonzerwa nekusakara kweringi yepiston, kuchembera kwemavharuvhu, kana kukwenya pamadziro esirinda. Muzviitiko zvakakomba, panogonawo kuva neutsi hutema (kubvira kusina kukwana) kana utsi huchena (chinotonhodza chinopinda mukamuri yekutsva).
Kuoma kwekutanga kana kutadza kutanga: Kunyangwe starter ichigona kushanda zvakanaka, injini haigone kubatidza nekumhanya. Izvi zvinogona kunge zvichikonzerwa nekusasimba kwemukati memagetsi (senge kudhonza cylinder, kubata shaft) kana kutyoka zvachose kwetiming system zvichikonzera kukanganisa pakati pemavharuvhu nepiston.
Kushandiswa kwemafuta zvisina kujairika: Kana pasina kubuda kwemafuta ekunze, huwandu hwemafuta hunodzikira nekukurumidza uye hunoda kudzoserwazve nguva nenguva, izvo zvinoratidza kuti mafuta ari mukati anopisa. Kupisa injini: Kukweshana kwakanyanya kwemukati (senge kukwesha kwemabheyaringi, kubatwa nesilinda) kana kuti system yekutonhodza isiri kushanda zvakanaka (senge kukundikana kwewater pump drive) zvichiita kuti isashande zvakanaka zvinotungamira mukuwedzera kwakanyanya kwekushisa kwemvura.
Kukanganisa uku kunowanzo kukonzerwa nezvinhu zvakaita sekusagadziriswa kwenguva refu, kushandiswa kwemafuta einjini asina kunaka, matambudziko emuchina wekutonhodza, kana kushanda zvakanyanya kweinjini. Kana zviratidzo izvi zvikaitika, kunyanya ruzha runogogodza rusingaperi, kudedera kwakanyanya, kana kubuda kweutsi hutema, munhu anofanira kumira kutyaira nekukurumidza otsvaga nyanzvi yekugadzirisa. Zvikasadaro, zvinogona kukonzera kuti injini ipere.
Kana uchida kuziva zvakawanda, ramba uchiverenga zvimwe zvinyorwa pane ino saiti!
Ndapota tifonerei kana muchida zvigadzirwa zvakadaro.
Zhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co., Ltd. yakazvipira kutengesa MG&MAXUSzvikamu zvemota zvinogamuchirwa Kutenga.
