Basa remapuragi espark
Chidzitiro chespark chinhu chakakosha musystem yekupisa muinjini yepeturu. Chinogona kupinza voltage yakawanda mukamuri yekupisa uye chinoita kuti chisvetuke pamusoro pegap re electrode kuti chigadzire spark, nokudaro chichibatidza musanganiswa unobvira uri mu cylinder. Chinonyanya kuumbwa ne connection nut, insulator, connection screw, central electrode, side electrodes ne house. Ma side electrodes anosungirirwa ku house.
Chidzitiro chemoto, chinozivikanwa se "fire nozzle", chinoshanda kuburitsa magetsi ane simba guru anotumirwa newaya ine simba guru (fire nozzle wire), chinopwanya nepakati pemaelectrode maviri echidzitiro chemoto, uye chinoburitsa chidzitiro chemagetsi chinobatidza gasi rakasanganiswa riri mu cylinder. Mhando huru dzinosanganisira: ma spark plugs emhando ye quasi-type, ma edge body protruding type spark plugs, ma seat type spark plugs, face jumping type spark plugs, nezvimwewo.
Mapuragi espark anoiswa padivi kana pamusoro peinjini. Kare, mapuragi espark aibatanidzwa kumutengesi kuburikidza newaya dzesilinda. Mumakore gumi apfuura kana kupfuura, mainjini mazhinji mumotokari diki akachinjwa kuti ignition coil ibatanidzwe zvakananga kuspark plug. Voltage inoshanda yespark plug inopfuura 10,000V. Voltage yakakwira inogadzirwa ne ignition coil kubva kumagetsi e12V uye yozoendeswa kuspark plug.
Pasi pesimba remagetsi akakwira, mhepo iri pakati peelectrode yepakati neelectrode yerutivi rwespark plug inokurumidza kupinda mu ionization, ichigadzira maion ane positive charged uye maelectron asina negative charged. Kana voltage iri pakati pemaelectrode yasvika pamutengo wakatarwa, huwandu hwemaion nemaelectron ari mugasi hunowedzera seavalanche, zvichiita kuti mhepo irasikirwe neproperty yayo yekudzivirira kupisa. Nzira yekuburitsa magetsi inoumbwa mugomba, uye chiitiko che "breakdown" chinoitika. Panguva iyi, gasi rinoumba muviri unopenya, unonzi "spark". Sezvarinowedzera nekuda kwekupisa, ruzha rwe "pop pop" runoitikawo. Tembiricha yespark iyi yemagetsi inogona kusvika pa2000 kusvika 3000 degrees Celsius, izvo zvakakwana kuti musanganiswa ubatidzwe muimba yekupisa yecylinder.
Zvichienderana nehukuru hwemacalorie, kune mhando inotonhora uye mhando inopisa. Zvichienderana nezvinhu zve electrode, kune nickel alloys, sirivheri alloys uye platinum alloys, nezvimwewo. Kana tiri nyanzvi, mhando dzespark plugs dzinenge dzakadai sedzinotevera:
Chidziviriro chespark chemhando yeQuasi: Chidziviriro chayo chakadzoserwa zvishoma kumucheto kweimba, uye electrode yedivi iri kunze kwemucheto kweimba. Ndiyo mhando inonyanya kushandiswa.
Chidziviriro chespark chinobuda mumucheto wemuviri: Chidziviriro chespark chakareba uye chinobuda kunze kwemucheto weimba. Chine mabhenefiti ekutora kupisa kwakanyanya uye kugona kudzivirira kusvibiswa. Uyezve, chinogona kutonhodzwa zvakananga nemhepo inopinza kuti tembiricha ideredze, uye nekudaro hachiwanzokonzere kupisa kunopisa. Saka, chine nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuchinja kupisa.
Ma electrode-type spark plugs: Ma electrode avo akanaka kwazvo. Ane simba guru, kugona kupisa zvakanaka, uye anogona kuita kuti injini itange nekukurumidza uye yakavimbika kunyangwe munguva yechando. Ane simba rakakura rekupisa uye anogona kushandiswa zvakasiyana-siyana.
Chivharo chezvipenyu zvechigaro: Chivharo chayo neshinda yezvipenyu zvakagadzirwa nechimiro chekona, saka inogona kuchengetedza chivharo chakanaka isina gasket, nokudaro ichideredza huwandu hwechivharo chezvipenyu uye ichibatsira zvikuru pakugadzira injini.
Mapuragi epolar spark: Maelectrode epadivi anowanzova maviri kana kupfuura. Zvakanakira zvawo ibatidzo inovimbika uye gap haridi kugadziriswa nguva nenguva. Nokudaro, anowanzo shandiswa mune dzimwe injini dzepeturu uko maelectrode anogona kukurwa uye gap respark plug harigone kugadziriswa nguva nenguva.
Chivharo chezvipenyu zvechiso: Chinozivikanwawo serudzi rwechipenyu chechiso, ndicho chivharo chezvipenyu zvinotonhora zvikuru, uye mukaha uri pakati peelectrode yepakati nemucheto weimba yacho wakadzika.
Mhando yakajairika uye mhando inobuda yespark plugs
Chivharo chespark chakajairika ipuragi yespark yeelectrode ine divi rimwe chete ine mugumo we insulator skirt wakaderera zvishoma pane tambo yekuguma kweimba. Inoshandisa chimiro chekare chekupedzisira kwekupisa chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumainjini emavharuvhu akaiswa padivi. Kuti ichisiyanise ne "mhando inobuda" yakabuda gare gare, chimiro ichi chinonzi "mhando yakajairika".
Chivharo chespark chinobuda pakutanga chakagadzirirwa mainjini evharuvhu anobuda pamusoro. Chivharo chayo cheinsulator chinobuda kubva kumucheto wegoko uye chinopinda mukamuri rekupisa. Chinotora huwandu hwakawanda hwekupisa mumusanganiswa wekupisa, chine tembiricha yepamusoro yekushanda nekukurumidza kwekupisa, uye chinodzivirira kusvibiswa. Pakumhanya kwakanyanya, nekuda kwevharuvhu iri pamusoro, mweya unofemerwa unonangidzirwa kudivi reinsulator, woitonhodza. Nekuda kweizvozvo, tembiricha yepamusoro haiwedzere zvakanyanya, saka huwandu hwekupisa hwakakura. Ma spark plug anobuda haana kukodzera mainjini evharuvhu anoiswa padivi nekuti ane matenderedzwa akawanda mukupinda kwemhepo uye mweya unobuda hauna simba guru rekutonhodza pajira reinsulator.
Mapuragi espark ane danda rimwe chete uye akawanda
Chishandiso chekare chespark plug chine danda rimwe chete chine dambudziko guru, kureva kuti, electrode yedivi inofukidza electrode yepakati. Kana kubudiswa kwemagetsi akawanda kukaitika pakati pemapango maviri, gasi remusanganiswa riri mugomba respark rinotora kupisa kwespark uye rinotanga kushanda nekuda kweionization kuti rigadzire "spark core". Nzvimbo iyo spark core inoumbwa inowanzova pedyo ne electrode yedivi. Munguva iyi, kupisa kwakawanda kuchatorwa ne electrode yedivi, inozivikanwa se "flame depression effect" ye electrode. Izvi zvinoderedza simba respark uye zvinoderedza mashandiro e flameout.
Saka, muma1920, mapuragi espark ane matanda matatu akabuda. Zvichienzaniswa neelectrode ine mativi maviri, mukaha wespark weelectrode ine mativi akawanda unoumbwa nezvikamu zvemaelectrode akawanda emativi (akaboorwa mumakomba akatenderera) uye pamusoro pecylindrical yeelectrode yepakati. Mukaha uyu wespark wakaiswa padivi unobvisa kusakosha kwemaelectrode emativi anofukidza electrode yepakati, unowedzera "kusvikika" kwespark, une simba guru respark, uye uri nyore kupinda mukati mesilinda, izvo zvinobatsira kuvandudza mamiriro ekupiswa kwemusanganiswa uye kuderedza kuburitswa kwemhepo. Nekuda kwematanda ane mativi akawanda anopa nzira dzakawanda dzespark, hupenyu hwebasa hunorebeswa uye kuvimbika kwekupisa kunowedzerwa. Zvinofanira kutaurwa pano kuti panguva yekuburitsa, chiteshi chimwe chete ndicho chinogona kuburitsa, uye hazvigoneke kuti matanda akawanda aburitse panguva imwe chete. Maitiro ekuburitsa mifananidzo yekumhanya kwepamusoro anoratidza izvi.
Mabhii ekupedzisa (mavara anotevera kukosha kwekalorific) D, J, naQ mumamodeli espark plug epamba anomiririra double-pole, triple-pole, uye four-pole zvichiteerana.
Mapulagi espark electrode ane electrode yakagadzirwa nenickel uye copper core alloy
Zvinodiwa zvikuru kuti maerekitironi apinde mukamuri rekupisa ndeyekudzivirira kubviswa kwechinhu (zvese ngura yemagetsi neyemakemikari) uye kufambisa zvakanaka kwekupisa. Nekuvandudzwa kwesainzi yezvinhu uye tekinoroji yemaitiro, zvinhu zveerekitironi zvakatanga kuchinja kubva kusimbi, nickel, nickel-based alloys, nickel-copper composite materials kusvika kusimbi dzinokosha. Alloy inonyanya kushandiswa mazuva ano ialloy ine nickel-based alloy. Kazhinji, simbi dzakachena dzine kufambisa kwakanaka kwekupisa kupfuura alloys, asi simbi dzakachena (dzakadai senickel) dzinonyanya kunzwa kuputika kwemakemikari kwemagasi anopiswa uye ma solid deposits adzinoumba kupfuura alloys. Nokudaro, zvinhu zveerekitironi zvinoshandisa zvinhu zvakagadzirwa nenickel nekuwedzera zvinhu zvakaita sechromium, manganese, uye silicon. Chromium inowedzera kutsungirira kukurwa kwemagetsi, nepo manganese nesilicon zvichivandudza kutsungirira kukurwa kwemakemikari, kunyanya kurwisana nesulfur oxide ine njodzi zvikuru.
Mapuragi espark plugs akafanana uye emhando yekudzivirira
Chidziviriro chespark, semuchina wekugadzira spark discharge, inzvimbo inopindirana nemwaranzi yemagetsi inoramba ichishandiswa pa broadband. Kubva kuma1960, nyika pasi rese dzakakurumidza kugadzira ma resistive spark plugs kuti dzidzivirire kupindirana kwakasimba kwemwaranzi yemagetsi inokonzerwa nema sparks kuenda kuradio field, dzidzivirire kutaurirana kweredhiyo uye dzidzivirire kutadza kushanda zvakanaka kwemidziyo yemagetsi iri mundege. China yakaburitsawo mitemo yenyika yekuenderana kwemagetsi, ichiisa mitemo yakasimba pahunhu hweradio interference yemidziyo yemotokari inofambiswa neinjini dzespark plug ignition. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kudiwa kwema resistive spark plugs kwakawedzera zvakanyanya. Resistive spark plugs haina musiyano wakakura wechimiro kubva kune yakajairika; musiyano chete ndewekuti conductor sealant iri mukati me insulating body inoshandurwa kuita resistive sealant.
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