Ruoko runotenderera runowanzo kuwanikwa pakati pevhiri nemuviri, uye chinhu chekuchengetedza chine chekuita nemutyairi chinotumira simba, chinopedza simba rekufambisa kudengenyeka, uye chinodzora divi.
Ruoko runotenderera runowanzo kuwanikwa pakati pevhiri nemuviri, uye chinhu chekuchengetedza chine chekuita nemutyairi chinotumira simba, chinoderedza kutenderera kwekudengenyeka, uye chinodzora divi. Chinyorwa chino chinosuma dhizaini yemaumbirwo eruoko runotenderera pamusika, uye chinoenzanisa nekuongorora pesvedzero yemaumbirwo akasiyana pamaitiro, mhando uye mutengo.
Kusungirirwa kwechasi yemota kwakakamurwa kuita kumiswa kwepamberi nekumiswa kwekumashure. Kusungirirwa kwepamberi nekwekumashure kune maoko ekutenderera anobatanidza mavhiri nemuviri. Maoko ekutenderera anowanzo kuwanikwa pakati pemavhiri nemuviri.
Basa reruoko rwekutenderera runotungamira nderekubatanidza vhiri nefuremu, kutumira simba, kuderedza kutenderera kwemhepo, uye kudzora divi. Chinhu chekuchengetedza chinosanganisira mutyairi. Kune zvikamu zvechimiro zvinotumira simba muhurongwa hwekumisikidza, kuitira kuti mavhiri afambe maererano nemuviri zvichienderana negwara rakati. Zvikamu zvechimiro zvinotumira mutoro, uye hurongwa hwese hwekumisikidza hune mashandiro emota.
Mabasa akafanana uye dhizaini yechimiro cheruoko rwemota
1. Kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvekutamisa mutoro, dhizaini yechimiro cheruoko rwekutenderera uye tekinoroji
Mota zhinji dzemazuva ano dzinoshandisa masisitimu ekumisikidza akazvimiririra. Zvichienderana nemafomu akasiyana-siyana, masisitimu ekumisikidza akazvimiririra anogona kukamurwa kuita mhando yepfupa remagetsi, rudzi rweruoko rwekumashure, rudzi rwezvinobatanidza zvakawanda, rudzi rwekenduru uye rudzi rweMcPherson. Ruoko rwakachinjika neruoko rwekumashure chimiro chemasimba maviri cheruoko rumwe mu multi-link, chine nzvimbo mbiri dzekubatanidza. Nhumbi mbiri dzemasimba maviri dzakaunganidzwa pajoini repasi rose pane imwe kona, uye mitsetse yekubatanidza yenzvimbo dzekubatanidza inoumba chimiro chetatu. Ruoko rwepasi rwekumisikidza rwepamberi rweMacPherson ruoko rwekutenderera rwemapoinzi matatu rwakajairika rune nzvimbo nhatu dzekubatanidza. Mutsetse unobatanidza nzvimbo nhatu dzekubatanidza chimiro chetatu chakasimba chinogona kumira mitoro munzira dzakasiyana-siyana.
Maumbirwo eruoko rwekutenderera rwemasimba maviri akareruka, uye dhizaini yechivakwa inowanzo tsanangurwa zvichienderana nehunyanzvi hwakasiyana uye nyore kwekugadzirisa kwekambani yega yega. Semuenzaniso, chimiro chesimbi chakadhindwa (ona Mufananidzo 1), chimiro chekugadzira iplate imwe chete yesimbi isina welding, uye gomba rechivakwa rinonyanya kunge riri muchimiro che "I"; chimiro chesimbi chakasungirirwa (ona Mufananidzo 2), chimiro chekugadzira iplate yesimbi yakasungirirwa, uye gomba rechivakwa rakanyanya riri muchimiro che "口"; kana maplate ekusimbisa emunharaunda anoshandiswa kusanganisa nekusimbisa nzvimbo ine njodzi; chimiro chemuchina wekugadzira simbi, gomba rechivakwa rakasimba, uye chimiro chinowanzo gadziriswa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvechassis; chimiro chemuchina wekugadzira aluminium (ona Mufananidzo 3), chimiro gomba rakasimba, uye zvinodiwa zvechimiro zvakafanana nesimbi yekuumba; chimiro chepombi yesimbi chakareruka muchimiro, uye gomba rechivakwa rakatenderera.
Maumbirwo eruoko rwekusveta rwemapoinzi matatu akaomarara, uye dhizaini yechimiro inowanzo tsanangurwa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa neOEM. Mukuongorora kwekufamba, ruoko rwekusveta harugone kukanganisa zvimwe zvikamu, uye zvizhinji zvacho zvine zvinodiwa zvedaro shoma. Semuenzaniso, chimiro chesimbi chakadhindwa chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya panguva imwe chete nechimiro chesimbi chakasveta, gomba re sensor harness kana stabilizer bar connecting rod connection bracket, nezvimwewo zvinochinja dhizaini yeruoko rwekusveta; chivako chemukati chichiri muchimiro che "muromo", uye chivako cheruoko rwekusveta chichave Chimiro chakavharwa chiri nani pane chivako chisina kuvharwa. Chimiro chemuchina wekugadzira, chivako chemukati chinonyanya kuve "I", chine hunhu hwechinyakare hwekukombama uye kuramba kukotama; chimiro chemuchina wekugadzira, chimiro uye chivako chemukati zvakanyanya kugadzirirwa mbabvu dzekusimbisa uye maburi anoderedza uremu zvichienderana nehunhu hwekugadzira; welding yesimbi yepepa Chimiro chakabatanidzwa nekugadzira, nekuda kwezvinodiwa nenzvimbo yekurongeka kwechasi yemotokari, bhora rekubatana rakabatanidzwa mukugadzira, uye kugadzira kwakabatana nesimbi yepepa; Chimiro chemuchina wearuminiyamu chakagadzirwa nesimbi chinopa mashandisirwo ari nani uye kugona kupfuura kugadzira, uye chine simba guru pane simba remuchina wekugadzira, iro riri kushandiswa kwetekinoroji itsva.
2. Deredza kutapurirana kwekudengenyeka kumuviri, uye dhizaini yechimiro chechinhu chinonamira panzvimbo yekubatanidza ruoko rwekutenderera
Sezvo nzvimbo yemugwagwa iyo mota iri kutyaira isingakwanise kuva yakati sandara zvachose, simba rekuita repamusoro pemugwagwa rinoshanda pamavhiri rinowanzo kanganisa, kunyanya kana uchityaira uchimhanya zvakanyanya panzvimbo yemugwagwa wakashata, simba iri rekubata rinoitawo kuti mutyairi anzwe kusagadzikana. , zvinhu zvinonamira zvinoiswa mu suspension system, uye kubatana kwakasimba kunoshandurwa kuita elastic connection. Mushure mekunge elastic element yabatwa, inogadzira vibration, uye vibration inoramba ichienderera inoita kuti mutyairi anzwe kusagadzikana, saka suspension system inoda zvinhu zvinoderedza vibration amplitude nekukurumidza.
Nzvimbo dzekubatanidza mukugadzirwa kweruoko rwekutenderera dzinobatanidza zvinhu zvinochinjika uye kubatana kwebhora. Zvinhu zvinochinjika zvinopa simba rekudzikamisa simba uye huwandu hushoma hwerusununguko rwekutenderera uye kutenderera. Mabhurashi erabha anowanzo shandiswa sezvikamu zvinochinjika mumotokari, uye mabhurashi ehydraulic uye mahinji anochinjika anoshandiswawo.
Mufananidzo 2 Ruoko rwesimbi rwekushongedza jira
Maumbirwo ebhandi rerabha anowanzova pombi yesimbi ine rabha kunze, kana chimiro chesandwich chepombi yesimbi-rabha-simbi. Pombi yesimbi yemukati inoda kuramba kumanikidzwa uye dhayamita, uye kutsemuka kwese kwese kwakajairika kumativi ese. Rutivi rwerabha runogadzirisa fomura yezvinhu uye chimiro chekugadzira zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana zvekuomarara.
Mhete yesimbi yekunze inowanzova nekona ye lead-in, iyo inobatsira pakudzvanya.
Bhokisi re hydraulic rine chimiro chakaoma kunzwisisa, uye chigadzirwa chine maitiro akaoma uye kukosha kwakanyanya muchikamu chebhosiki. Pane gomba murabha, uye mune oiri mugomba. Dhizaini yechimiro chebhosiki inoitwa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvebhosiki. Kana oiri ikadonha, bhosiki rinokuvadzwa. Bhokisi re hydraulic rinogona kupa curve iri nani yekuoma, zvichikanganisa kugona kwekutyaira kwemotokari.
Hinge yemuchinjikwa ine chimiro chakaoma uye chikamu chakabatanidzwa chehinge dzerabha nebhora. Inogona kupa kugara kwenguva refu kupfuura bushing, swing angle uye rotation angle, special stiffness curve, uye inosangana nezvinodiwa zvekushanda kwemotokari yese. Hinge dzakakuvara dzichaburitsa ruzha mu cab kana mota iri kufamba.
3. Nekufamba kwevhiri, dhizaini yechimiro chechinhu chinotenderera panzvimbo yekubatanidza ruoko runotenderera
Kusarongeka kwemugwagwa kunoita kuti mavhiri asvetuke kumusoro nekudzika maererano nemuviri (furemu), uye panguva imwe chete mavhiri acho anofamba, sekutenderera, kuenda akatwasuka, nezvimwewo, zvichiita kuti mavhiri aenderane nezvinodiwa. Ruoko rwekusveta nejoini repasi rose zvakabatanidzwa zvakanyanya nehinji yebhora.
Hinge yebhora reruoko rwekusveta inogona kupa kona yekusveta inopfuura ±18°, uye inogona kupa kona yekutenderera ye360°. Inosangana zvizere nezvinodiwa nevhiri rekumhanya uye zvekufambisa. Uye hinge yebhora inosangana nezvinodiwa zvewarandi yemakore maviri kana 60,000 km uye makore matatu kana 80,000 km yemotokari yese.
Zvichienderana nenzira dzakasiyana dzekubatanidza ruoko rwekusveta nehinji yebhora (bhora rekubatanidza), rinogona kukamurwa kuita kubatanidza kwebhoti kana rivet, hinji yebhora ine flange; kubatana kwekubatanidza kudzvanywa, hinji yebhora haina flange; yakabatanidzwa, ruoko rwekusveta nehinji yebhora Zvese zviri muchimwe. Kune chimiro chesimbi imwe chete uye chimiro chesimbi chesimbi chakabatanidzwa, mhando mbiri dzekubatanidza dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya; rudzi rwekupedzisira rwekubatanidza senge simbi yekugadzira, aluminium yekugadzira nesimbi yekukanda runoshandiswa zvakanyanya.
Hinge yebhora inofanira kusangana nekusakara kana yakaremerwa, nekuda kwekona yakakura yekushanda kupfuura bushing, izvo zvinoita kuti hupenyu huve hwakakwirira. Nokudaro, hinge yebhora inofanirwa kugadzirwa sechivakwa chakabatana, kusanganisira kunyorovesa kwakanaka kwe swing uye guruva uye system yekunyorovesa isingapindi mvura.
Mufananidzo 3 Ruoko rwekutenderera rwakagadzirwa nearuminiyamu
Kukanganiswa kwekugadzirwa kweruoko rwekutenderera pamhando nemutengo
1. Chinhu chemhando yepamusoro: kana chiedza chiri nani
Kuwanda kwemuviri (kunozivikanwawo se free vibration frequency ye vibration system) kunoenderana nekuoma kwe suspension uye huremu hunotsigirwa ne suspension spring (sprung mass) chimwe chezviratidzo zvakakosha zve suspension system zvinokanganisa nyaradzo yemota. Kuwanda kwe vertical vibration kunoshandiswa nemuviri wemunhu ndiko kuwanda kwemuviri uchifamba kumusoro nekudzika panguva yekufamba, inova inenge 1-1.6Hz. Kuwanda kwemuviri kunofanirwa kunge kuri pedyo ne frequency iyi. Kana kuoma kwe suspension system kuripo, kuderera kwe spruce mass, vertical deformation ye suspension ishoma, uye frequency ye natural yakakwira.
Kana mutoro wakamira wakagara wakadaro, kuomarara kwekumisa mota kushoma, frequency yemotokari inoderera, uye nzvimbo inodiwa kuti vhiri risvetuke kumusoro nekudzika inokura.
Kana mamiriro emugwagwa nekumhanya kwemotokari zvakafanana, kana unsprung mass ishoma, mutoro wekurovera pa suspension system unova mudiki. Unsprung mass inosanganisira wheel mass, universal joint uye guide arm mass, nezvimwewo.
Kazhinji, ruoko rwekutenderedza rwearuminiyamu rune huremu hwakareruka uye ruoko rwekutenderedza rwesimbi rwakakandwa rune huremu hwakakura. Mamwe ari pakati.
Sezvo huremu hweseti yemaoko ekutenderera huchinyanya kuderera pane 10kg, zvichienzaniswa nemota ine huremu hunopfuura 1000kg, huremu hweruoko rwekutenderera hahuna simba pakushandiswa kwemafuta.
2. Mutengo: zvinoenderana nehurongwa hwekugadzira
Kana zvinodiwa zvakawanda, mutengo wacho unowedzera. Panyaya yekuti simba rechimiro uye kuomarara kweruoko rwekutenderera zvinosangana nezvinodiwa, zvinodiwa zvekutsungirira kugadzirwa, kuoma kwemaitiro ekugadzira, rudzi rwezvinhu uye kuwanikwa, uye zvinodiwa zvekuora pamusoro pechinhu zvese zvinokanganisa zvakananga mutengo. Semuenzaniso, zvinhu zvinodzivirira ngura: electro-galvanized coating, kuburikidza ne surface passivation nedzimwe nzira dzekurapa, zvinogona kusvika maawa angangoita 144; dziviriro pamusoro pechinhu yakakamurwa kuita cathodic electrophoretic paint coating, iyo inogona kusvika maawa 240 ekudzivirira ngura kuburikidza nekugadzirisa ukobvu hwekufukidza uye nzira dzekurapa; zinc-iron Kana zinc-nickel coating, iyo inogona kusvika kune zvinodiwa zve anti-corrosion test zvinodarika maawa 500. Sezvo zvinodiwa zve corrosion test zvichiwedzera, mutengo wechikamu chacho unowedzerawo.
Mutengo unogona kuderedzwa nekuenzanisa dhizaini uye marongero echimiro cheruoko rwekutenderera.
Sezvatinoziva tese, marongero akasiyana enzvimbo dzakaoma anopa mashandiro akasiyana ekutyaira. Zvikurukuru, zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti marongero akafanana enzvimbo dzakaoma uye magadzirirwo akasiyana enzvimbo dzekubatanidza zvinogona kupa mari dzakasiyana.
Kune mhando nhatu dzekubatana pakati pezvikamu zvechimiro nemabhara: kubatana kuburikidza nezvikamu zvakajairika (mabhaudhi, nzungu kana rivets), kubatana uye kubatanidzwa kweinterference fit. Kana tichienzanisa nechimiro chekubatanidza chakajairika, chimiro chekubatanidza interference fit chinoderedza mhando dzezvikamu, zvakaita semabhaudhi, nzungu, rivets nezvimwe zvikamu. Chimiro chekubatanidza chakabatanidzwa chimwe chete kupfuura chimiro cheinterference fit chinoderedza huwandu hwezvikamu zvegoko rebhara rejoint joint.
Kune nzira mbiri dzekubatana pakati penhengo yechimiro nechinhu chinopfava: zvinhu zvinopfava zvepamberi nepashure zvakafanana uye zvakafanana. Nzira dzakasiyana dzinosarudza maitiro akasiyana ekubatanidza. Semuenzaniso, nzira yekudzvanya yebushing iri munzira imwe chete uye yakatarisana nemuviri weruoko runotenderera. Muchina wekudzvanya une mativi maviri unogona kushandiswa kudzvanya bushing dzepamberi nepashure panguva imwe chete, zvichichengetedza vashandi, michina nenguva; Kana nzira yekuisa isingaenderane (yakatwasuka), muchina wekudzvanya une mativi maviri unogona kushandiswa kudzvanya nekuisa bushing zvakatevedzana, zvichichengetedza vashandi nemidziyo; kana bushing yakagadzirirwa kudzvanywa mukati, nzvimbo mbiri nemidziyo miviri zvinodiwa, kudzvanya bushing zvakatevedzana.
