Mutengo wefekitori SAIC MAXUS T60 C00021134 Swing arm ball head

pfungwa

Chimiro chesuspension chakajairika chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvinopfava, magiya ekutungamira, zvinobvisa kuvhunduka, nezvimwewo, uye zvimwe zvivakwa zvinewo mabuffer blocks, stabilizer bars, nezvimwewo. Zvinhu zvinopfava zviri muchimiro chemashizha, maair springs, macoil springs, uye torsion bar springs. Mamota emazuva ano anopfava anowanzo shandisa macoil springs nematorsion bar springs, uye mamwe mota dzemhando yepamusoro anoshandisa air springs.

Basa rechikamu:

chinhu chinonyudza kuvhunduka

Basa: Chinonyungudutsa shock ndicho chinhu chikuru chinogadzira simba rekudzikisa damping. Basa racho nderekukurumisa kudedera kwemotokari, kuvandudza nyaradzo yemota, uye kuwedzera kunamira pakati pevhiri nepasi. Pamusoro pezvo, chinonyungudutsa shock chinogona kuderedza mutoro wemuviri wenhengo yemuviri, Kuwedzera hupenyu hwebasa remota. Chinonyungudutsa shock chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumota chinonyanya kushandiswa se hydraulic shock absorber, uye chimiro chayo chinogona kukamurwa kuita mhando nhatu: double cylinder type, single cylinder inflatable type uye double cylinder inflatable type. [2]

Nheyo yekushanda: Kana vhiri richisvetuka-svetuka kumusoro nekudzika, piston ye shock absorber inodzokera mukamuri rekushanda, zvekuti mvura ye shock absorber inopfuura nepakati pe orifice iri pa piston, nekuti mvura yacho ine viscosity yakati uye kana mvura inopfuura nepakati pe orifice, inenge yakabatana nemadziro eburi. Kukakavadzana kunogadzirwa pakati pavo, kuitira kuti kinetic energy ishandurwe kuita simba rekupisa uye iparadzirwe mumhepo, kuitira kuti pave nebasa rekudzikisa vibration.

(2) Zvinhu zvinonamira

Basa: kutsigira mutoro wakamira, kurerutsa uye kudzora kudedera uye kukanganiswa kunokonzerwa nepamusoro pemugwagwa usina kuenzana. Zvinhu zvinopfava zvinosanganisira chitubu chemashizha, chitubu checoil, chitubu chetorsion bar, chitubu chemhepo nechitubu cherabha, nezvimwewo.

Nheyo: Zvikamu zvakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvine kusimba kwakanyanya, kana vhiri rikaroverwa zvakanyanya, simba rekufamba rinoshandurwa kuita simba rekufamba rinonamira uye rinochengetwa, uye rinoburitswa kana vhiri rikasvetuka pasi kana kudzokera kumamiriro ekutanga ekutyaira.

(3) Nzira yekutungamira

Basa remuchina wekutungamira nderekutumira simba nenguva, uye zvakare kutamba basa rekutungamira. Munguva yekutyaira mota, nzira yemavhiri inogona kudzorwa.

mhedzisiro

Suspension chinhu chakakosha mumota, chinobatanidza furemu nemavhiri, uye chine chekuita nekushanda kwakasiyana-siyana kwemota. Kubva kunze, suspension yemota inongogadzirwa netsvimbo, machubhu nemasipiringi chete, asi handifungi kuti zviri nyore. Kusiyana neizvi, suspension yemota imusanganiswa wemota unonetsa kusangana nezvinodiwa zvakakwana, nekuti suspension yacho ndeyese Kuti isangane nezvinodiwa zvekunyaradza kwemota, zvakakoshawo kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzikana kwayo, uye zvinhu zviviri izvi zvinopesana. Semuenzaniso, kuti uwane kunyaradzwa kwakanaka, zvakakosha kuderedza kudedera kwemota, saka chitubu chinofanira kugadzirwa kuti chive chakapfava, asi chitubu chakapfava, asi zviri nyore kukonzera kuti mota ibhureki "igutsurire musoro", ikurumidze "kukwira musoro" uye ikukunguruke zvakanyanya kuruboshwe nekurudyi. Maitiro acho haasi ekubatsira kutungamira kwemota, uye zviri nyore kukonzera kuti mota isagadzikane.

kumisa kusingazvimiririre

Chimiro chechimiro cheisina kuzvimiririra ndechekuti mavhiri ari kumativi ese akabatana ne integral axle, uye mavhiri pamwe chete neasina kuchinjika anosungirirwa pasi pefuremu kana muviri wemotokari kuburikidza ne elastic suspension. Isina kuzvimiririra ine zvakanakira zvechimiro chiri nyore, mutengo wakaderera, simba rakawanda, kugadzirisa kuri nyore, uye shanduko diki pakurongeka kwemavhiri epamberi panguva yekutyaira. Zvisinei, nekuda kwekunyaradzwa kwayo uye kugadzikana kwayo, haichashandiswi mumotokari dzemazuva ano. , inonyanya kushandiswa mumarori nemabhazi.

Chitubu chemashizha chisina kuzvimiririra chinomiswa

Chitubu chemashizha chinoshandiswa sechinhu chinonamira chesimbi isingazvimiririre. Nekuti chinoshandawo senzira yekutungamira, sisitimu yekunamira yakareruka zvikuru.

Chitubu chemashizha cherefu chinoshandiswa nesimbi isingazvimiririre chinoshandisa zvitubu zvemashizha sezvinhu zvinonamira uye chakarongwa pamotokari chakatarisana nechikamu chemuchina chemotokari.

Nheyo yekushanda: Kana mota ichifamba mumugwagwa usina kuenzana uye ikasangana nemutoro wekukuvara, mavhiri anotyaira axle kuti isvetuke, uye chitubu chemashizha nemucheto wezasi we shock absorber zvinofambawo kumusoro panguva imwe chete. Kuwedzera kwehurefu panguva yekufamba kumusoro kwechitubu chemashizha kunogona kurongeka nekuwedzerwa kwerug rwekumashure pasina kukanganiswa. Nekuti mugumo wepamusoro we shock absorber wakasimba uye mugumo wezasi unokwira kumusoro, zvakaenzana nekushanda mumamiriro ekumanikidzwa, uye damping inowedzerwa kuderedza kudedera. Kana huwandu hwekusvetuka kweaxle hukadarika daro riri pakati pe buffer block ne limit block, buffer block inobatana uye inomanikidzwa ne limit block. [2]

Kupatsanurwa: Kumiswa kwechitubu chemashizha kwenguva refu kusingazvimiriri kunogona kukamurwa kuita kumiswa kwechitubu chemashizha kwenguva refu kusingazvimiri, kumiswa kwakaringana uye kumiswa kwechitubu chemashizha kwenguva refu kusingazvimiriri. Ikumiswa kusingazvimiri kune zvitubu zvemashizha kwenguva refu.

1. Kumiswa kwemashizha emuchirimo asingaenzaniswi kwenguva refu

Chitubu chemashizha chenguva refu chisina kuenzana (Asymmetric longitudinal leaf spring non-independent suspension) chinoreva suspension umo daro riri pakati pebolt rakagadzirwa neU nepakati pemalugs kumativi ese harina kuenzana kana chitubu chemashizha chenguva refu chakasungirirwa pa axle (bhiriji).

2. Kumiswa kwechiyero

Kumisa mota zvine mwero (balanced suspension) isimbi inovimbisa kuti mutoro wepamusoro pamavhiri ari pa axle yakabatana (axle) wakaenzana nguva dzose. Basa rekushandisa suspension ine mwero nderekuona kuti mavhiri ari kubata zvakanaka pasi, mutoro mumwe chete, uye kuona kuti mutyairi anogona kudzora divi remotokari uye mota ine simba rekutyaira rakakwana.

Zvichienderana nemaitiro akasiyana, chisungo chebhanari chinogona kukamurwa kuita mhando mbiri: rudzi rwetsvimbo yekupinza uye rudzi rweruoko rwekutenderera.

①Thrust rod balance suspension. Yakagadzirwa nechitubu chemashizha chakaiswa chakamira, uye magumo ayo maviri akaiswa mutsigiro yeplate inotsvedza pamusoro pesleeve ye axle yekumashure. Chikamu chepakati chakasungirirwa paganda re balance bearing kuburikidza nemabhoti akaita seU, uye chinogona kutenderera kutenderera balance shaft, uye balance shaft yakasungirirwa pafuremu yemotokari kuburikidza nebracket. Mumwe mugumo we thrust rod wakasungirirwa pafuremu yemotokari, uye mumwe mugumo wakabatana ne axle. Thrust rod inoshandiswa kutumira simba rekutyaira, simba rebhureki uye simba rekuita zvinoenderana.

Nheyo yekushanda kwe thrust rod balance suspension ndeye mota ine maekisero akawanda ichifamba mumugwagwa usina kuenzana. Kana vhiri rega rega rikashandisa chimiro chesimbi chakajairika se suspension, hazvigone kuve nechokwadi chekuti mavhiri ese akabatana zvizere nepasi, kureva kuti, mamwe mavhiri ane vertical. Mutoro wakaderedzwa (kana kuti zero) unoita kuti zviomere mutyairi kudzora divi rekufamba kana zvikaitika pamavhiri anotyaira. Kana zvikaitika kumavhiri anotyaira, simba rekutyaira (kana risiri rese) richarasika. Isa axle yepakati ne axle yekumashure yemotokari ine maekisero matatu pamativi maviri e balance bar, uye chikamu chepakati che balance bar chakabatana ne hinged nemota frame. Naizvozvo, mavhiri ari pamabhiriji maviri haakwanise kufamba kumusoro nekudzika ari ega. Kana vhiri rikapinda mugomba, rimwe vhiri rinofamba kumusoro richikanganiswa ne balance bar. Sezvo maoko e stabilizer bar akaenzana, mutoro we vertical pamavhiri ese ari maviri unogara wakaenzana.

Chinosungirirwa chetsvimbo chesimbi chinoshandiswa pamota yekumashure ye6×6 three-axle off-road uye truck ye6×4 three-axle.

②Kusungirirwa kweruoko rwekutenderera. Kusungirirwa kwepakati peaxle kunoshandisa chimiro chechitubu chemashizha akareba. Chikwama chekumashure chakabatanidzwa kumucheto wepamberi weruoko rwekutenderera, ukuwo chibato cheaxle cheruoko rwekutenderera chakabatanidzwa pafuremu. Kumucheto kweshure kweruoko rwekutenderera kwakabatana neaxle yekumashure (axle) yemotokari.

Nheyo yekushanda kweswing arm balance suspension ndeyekuti mota iri kutyaira mumugwagwa usina kuenzana. Kana bhiriji repakati rikawira mugomba, swing arm ichadhonzwa pasi nepamusana wekumashure uye ichatenderera ichitenderedza swing arm shaft. Axle wheel ichakwira kumusoro. swing arm pano i lever yakakura, uye distribution ratio ye vertical load pama axles epakati neekumashure inoenderana ne leverage ratio yeswing arm uye front and rear lengths of leaf spring.

Kumiswa kwechitubu cheCoil kusingazvimiriri

Nekuti chitubu checoil, sechinhu chinonamira, chinogona kutakura mitoro yakamira chete, chinhu chinotungidza uye chinonyungudutsa shock chinofanira kuwedzerwa kususpension system.

Iine ma coil springs, ma shock absorbers, ma longitudinal thrust rods, lateral thrust rods, ma reinforcement rods nezvimwe zvinhu. Chimiro chayo ndechekuti mavhiri ekuruboshwe nerudyi akabatana ese ne shaft yese. Mugumo wepasi we shock absorber wakasungirirwa pa rear axle support, uye mugumo wepamusoro wakasungirirwa ne body yemota. Coil spring iri pakati pe upper spring ne lower seat kunze kwe shock absorber. Mugumo wekumashure we longitudinal thrust rod wakasungirirwa pa axle uye kumberi kwemberi kwakasungirirwa pa furemu yemota. Mugumo we transverse thrust rod wakasungirirwa pa body yemota, uye mumwe mugumo wakasungirirwa pa axle. Pakushanda, spring inotakura mutoro wakatwasuka, uye longitudinal force ne transverse force zvinotakurwa ne longitudinal ne transverse thrust rods zvakateerana. Kana vhiri rasvetuka, all axle inotenderera hinge points dze longitudinal thrust rod ne lateral thrust rod pamuviri wemota. Rubber bushings panzvimbo dzekutaurirana dzinobvisa motion interference kana axle ikatenderera. Coil spring non-independent suspension yakakodzera rear suspension yemota dzevatakuri.

Chitubu chemhepo chisingamiriri chakazvimiririra

Kana mota ichimhanya, nekuda kwekuchinja kwemutoro uye pamusoro pemugwagwa, kuomarara kwesimbi yekumisikidza kunodiwa kuti kuchinje zvinoenderana. Mota dzinofanirwa kuderedza kureba kwemuviri uye kuwedzera kumhanya mumigwagwa yakanaka; kuwedzera kureba kwemuviri uye kuwedzera kugona kwekufamba mumigwagwa yakaipa, saka kureba kwemuviri kunofanirwa kugadziriswa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvekushandisa. Simba rekumisikidza risingamiriri mhepo rinogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvakadaro.

Inoumbwa necompressor, tangi rekuchengetera mhepo, vharuvhu yekudzora kureba, chitubu chemhepo, tsvimbo yekudzora, nezvimwewo. Pamusoro pezvo, kune mashock absorbers, maoko ekutungamira, uye mativi ekugadzirisa. Chitubu chemhepo chakaiswa pakati pefuremu (muviri) neaxle, uye vharuvhu yekudzora kureba yakasungirirwa pamuviri wemotokari. Mugumo wetsvimbo yepiston wakasungirirwa neruoko rwakachinjika rwetsvimbo yekudzora, uye rumwe rutivi rweruoko rwakachinjika rwakasungirirwa netsvimbo yekudzora. Chikamu chepakati chakatsigirwa pamusoro pechitubu chemhepo, uye mugumo wepasi wetsvimbo yekudzora wakasungirirwa paaxle. Zvikamu zvinoumba chitubu chemhepo zvakabatana pamwe chete kuburikidza nemapaipi. Gasi rine simba rakawanda rinogadzirwa necompressor rinopinda mutangi rekuchengetera mhepo kuburikidza neoiri-water separator nepressure regulator, uye robva rapinda muvharuvhu yekudzora kureba kuburikidza neair filter mushure mekubuda mutangi rekuchengetera gasi. Tangi rekuchengetera mweya, tangi rekuchengetera mweya rakabatana nezvitubu zvemhepo pavhiri rega rega, saka kumanikidzwa kwegasi muchitubu chega chega chemhepo kunowedzera nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwakakwidzwa, uye panguva imwe chete, muviri unosimudzwa kusvika piston iri muvharuvhu yekudzora kureba yafamba ichienda kutangi rekuchengetera mweya. Chiteshi chekuzadza mweya chemukati che inflation chavharwa. Sechinhu chinopfava, chitubu chemhepo chinogona kuderedza mutoro weinjini unoshanda pavhiri kubva pamusoro pemugwagwa painotumirwa kumuviri wemotokari kuburikidza ne axle. Pamusoro pezvo, kusungirirwa kwemhepo kunogonawo kugadzirisa kukwirira kwemuviri wemotokari otomatiki. Piston iri pakati pechiteshi chekukwidza kwemhepo nechiteshi chekuburitsa mweya muvharuvhu yekudzora kureba, uye gasi rinobva mutangi rekuchengetera mweya rinoputira tangi rekuchengetera mweya nechitubu chemhepo, uye rinosimudza kukwirira kwemuviri wemotokari. Kana piston iri panzvimbo yepamusoro yechiteshi chekukwidza kwemhepo muvharuvhu yekudzora kureba, gasi riri muchitubu chemhepo rinodzokera kuchiteshi chekuburitsa mweya kuburikidza nechiteshi chekukwidza kwemhepo uye rinopinda mumhepo, uye kumanikidzwa kwemhepo muchitubu chemhepo kunoderera, saka kukwirira kwemuviri wemotokari kunodererawo. Tsvimbo yekudzora neruoko rwakachinjika rwuri pairi zvinosarudza nzvimbo yepiston muvharuvhu yekudzora kukwirira.

Chinomiswa nemhepo chine zvakanakira zvakawanda zvakaita sekuita kuti mota ifambe zvakanaka, kuita kuti mota ikwanise kusimudza mota nemota imwe chete kana kuti ine mativi akawanda kana zvichidikanwa, kuchinja urefu hwemuviri wemotokari uye kusakonzera kukuvara kudiki mumugwagwa, nezvimwewo, asi chine chimiro chakaoma uye zvinodiwa zvakasimba zvekusunga mota, pamwe nezvimwe zvikanganiso. Chinoshandiswa mumotokari dzekutengesa, marori, matrailer nedzimwe mota dzevatakuri.

Chitubu chemafuta negesi hachina kuzvimiririra

Chitubu chemafuta-pneumatic chinomiswa chisina kuzvimiririra chinoreva kumiswa kusina kuzvimiririra kana chinhu chinopfava chikatora chitubu chemafuta-pneumatic.

Inoumbwa nezvitubu zvemafuta negasi, zvidimbu zvemagetsi zvinotenderera, mabuffer blocks, zvidimbu zvemagetsi zvinotenderera nezvimwe zvikamu. Mugumo wepamusoro wechitubu chemafuta-pneumatic wakasungirirwa pafuremu yemotokari, uye mugumo wepasi wakasungirirwa paaxle yepamberi. Mativi ekuruboshwe nerudyi anoshandisa tambo yemagetsi yakaderera kuti ive pakati peaxle yepamberi nedanda remurefu. Tsvimbo yemagetsi yepamusoro inosungirirwa paaxle yepamberi nebhuraketi yemukati yedanda remurefu. Tsvimbo dzemagetsi dzinotenderera dzepamusoro nedzepasi dzinoumba parallelogram, iyo inoshandiswa kuona kuti kona yemupombi wekingpin inoramba isina kuchinja kana vhiri richisvetuka kumusoro nekudzika. Tsvimbo yemagetsi inotenderera inosungirirwa padanda rekuruboshwe remurefu nebhuraketi kurudyi kweaxle yepamberi. Buffer block inoiswa pasi pematanda maviri emurefu. Nekuti chitubu chemafuta-pneumatic chinoiswa pakati pefuremu neaxle, sechinhu chinonamira, chinogona kuderedza simba rekurova kubva pamusoro pevhiri parinotumirwa kufuremu, uye panguva imwe chete kuderedza kudedera kunotevera. Tsvimbo dzemagetsi dzinotenderera dzepamusoro nedzepasi dzinoshandiswa kuendesa simba remurefu uye kutsungirira nguva yekuita inokonzerwa nesimba remabhureki. Matavi ekusundira padivi anotumira masimba epadivi.

Kana chitubu chemafuta-gasi chikashandiswa pamotokari yekutengeserana ine mutoro mukuru, huwandu hwayo nehuremu hwayo hudiki pane hwechitubu chemashizha uye ine hunhu hunosiyana-siyana hwekuoma, asi ine zvinodiwa zvakanyanya pakusunga uye kugadzirisa kwakaoma. Chinosungirirwa nemafuta-pneumatic chakakodzera marori ekutengeserana ane mutoro unorema.

Kuburitswa Kwenhau Dzakazvimiririra

Kumisikidzwa kwakazvimirira zvinoreva kuti mavhiri ari kumativi ese anosungirirwa kubva pafuremu kana muviri ne elastic suspensions. Zvakanakira zvayo ndeizvi: huremu hushoma, kuderedza kukanganiswa kwemuviri, uye kuvandudza kunamira kwemavhiri pasi; masprings akapfava ane kuoma kudiki anogona kushandiswa kuvandudza kugadzikana kwemotokari; nzvimbo yeinjini inogona kudzikiswa, uye pakati pesimba remotokari rinogonawo kudzikiswa, nokudaro Kuvandudza kugadzikana kwekutyaira kwemotokari; mavhiri ekuruboshwe nerudyi anosvetuka akazvimirira uye akazvimirira, izvo zvinogona kuderedza kutsvedza uye kudedera kwemuviri wemotokari. Zvisinei, kumisikidzwa kwakazvimirira kune zvakunokanganisa zvechimiro chakaoma, kudhura kwakanyanya uye kugadzirisa kusina kunaka. Mota zhinji dzemazuva ano dzinoshandisa kumisikidzwa kwakazvimirira. Zvichienderana nemafomu akasiyana echimiro, kumisikidzwa kwakazvimirira kunogona kukamurwa kuita kumisikidzwa kwewishbone, kumisikidzwa kwemaoko ekutevera, kumisikidzwa kwemulti-link, kumisikidzwa kwemakenduru, uye kumisikidzwa kweMacPherson.

pfupa rekuda

Kusungirirwa kweruoko rwepamusoro zvinoreva kusungirirwa kwakazvimirira uko mavhiri anotenderera mundege yakachinjika yemotokari. Yakakamurwa kuva kusungirirwa kweruoko rwechipiri uye kusungirirwa kweruoko rweumwe zvichienderana nehuwandu hwemaoko akachinjika.

Rudzi rwe "single wishbone" rune zvakanakira zvechimiro chiri nyore, "high roll centre" uye "anti-roll" yakasimba. Zvisinei, nekuwedzera kwekumhanya kwemotokari dzemazuva ano, "high roll centre" inokonzera shanduko huru mu "wheel track" kana mavhiri achisvetuka, uye kupera kwematayi kuchawedzera. Uyezve, simba rekutenderera remavhiri ekuruboshwe nerudyi richave rakakura zvakanyanya panguva yekutenderera kwakapinza, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kwe "camber" yemavhiri ekumashure. Kuomarara kwevhiri rekumashure kunodzikira, zvichikonzera mamiriro akaoma ekumhanya kwemuswe. "single-wishbone independent suspension" inonyanya kushandiswa mu "rear suspension", asi nekuti haigone kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekutyaira nekukurumidza, haichashandiswi zvakanyanya parizvino.

Kumiswa kweDouble-wishbone kwakazvimirira kwakakamurwa kuita double-wishbone suspension yakaenzana uye double-wishbone suspension yakaenzana zvichienderana nekuti maoko ekumusoro neapasi akaenzana here pakureba. Kumiswa kweDouble-wishbone yakaenzana kunogona kuchengetedza kingpin inclination inoramba iripo kana vhiri richisvetuka kumusoro nekudzika, asi wheelbase inochinja zvakanyanya (kufanana ne single-wishbone suspension), izvo zvinokonzera kupera kwematayi zvakanyanya, uye hazviwanzo shandiswa pari zvino. Kune double-wishbone suspension yakaenzana, chero bedzi kureba kwewishbone yepamusoro nepazasi kwakasarudzwa nemazvo uye kwakagadziridzwa, uye kuburikidza nekurongeka kwakanaka, shanduko dze wheelbase uye front wheel alignment parameters dzinogona kuchengetedzwa mukati memiganhu inogamuchirika, zvichiita kuti mota ive yakagadzikana zvakanaka. Parizvino, suspension yakaenzana yave ichishandiswa zvakanyanya mu suspension dzepamberi nedzekumashure dzemotokari, uye mavhiri ekumashure emamwe mota dzemitambo nemotokari dzemujaho anoshandisawo chimiro ichi che suspension.