Mutengo wefekitari SAIC MAXUS T60 C00021134 Swing ruoko bhora musoro

pfungwa

Iyo yakajairwa yekumisikidza chimiro inoumbwa ne elastic element, giredhi nzira, shock absorbers, etc., uye zvimwe zvimiro zvakare zvine buffer block, stabilizer bars, etc. Elastic zvinhu zviri muchimiro chemashizha emashizha, zvitubu zvemhepo, zvitubu zvecoil, uye torsion bar springs. Mamiriro emotokari emazuva ano anonyanya kushandisa zvitubu zvemakoiri uye zvitubu zve torsion bar, uye dzimwe mota dzepamusoro dzinoshandisa zvitubu zvemhepo.

Chikamu basa:

shock absorber

Basa: The shock absorber ndicho chinhu chikuru chinoburitsa simba rekunyorovesa. Basa rayo nderekukurumidza kudzikisa kuzunguzika kwemota, kuvandudza mafambiro emota, uye kuwedzera kunamatira pakati pevhiri uye pasi. Uye zvakare, iyo yekukatyamadza inopinza inogona kuderedza simba remutoro wechikamu chemuviri, Wedzera hupenyu hwebasa remota. Iyo yekuvhundutsa inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumotokari ndiyo inonyanya cylinder type hydraulic shock absorber, uye chimiro chayo chinogona kukamurwa kuva marudzi matatu: maviri cylinder type, single cylinder inflatable type uye kaviri cylinder inflatable type. [2]

Kushanda musimboti: Kana vhiri richisvetuka kumusoro nekudzika, pisitoni yekuvhundutsa inodzoreredza inodzokera mukamuri yekushanda, kuitira kuti mvura yekuvhundutsa ipfuure nepakati pepiston, nekuti iyo mvura ine imwe viscosity uye kana iyo mvura ichipfuura nepaburi, inosangana negomba madziro Friction inogadzirwa mukati mesimba rinopisa, kuitira kuti mweya unopisa, saka mweya unopisa. sekuzadzisa basa rekunyorovesa vibration.

(2) Elastic elements

Basa: tsigira vertical load, kurerutsa uye kudzora vibration uye kukanganisa kunokonzerwa nemugwagwa usina kuenzana. Elastic zvinhu zvinonyanya zvinosanganisira mashizha chitubu, coil chitubu, torsion bar chitubu, mweya chitubu uye chitubu cherabha, nezvimwe.

Nheyo: Zvikamu zvakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvine elasticity yakakwira, kana vhiri rakaiswa kune yakakura simba, iyo kinetic simba inoshandurwa kuita elastic inogona simba uye inochengetwa, uye inoburitswa kana vhiri rasvetuka pasi kana kudzoka kune yekutanga kutyaira.

(3) Nhungamiro nzira

Basa rekutungamira ndere kufambisa simba uye nguva, uye zvakare kutamba kutungamira basa. Munguva yekufambisa kwemotokari, iyo trajectory yemavhiri inogona kudzorwa.

effect

Suspension igungano rakakosha mumotokari, iyo inosungirirana furemu nemavhiri, uye yakabatana nemitambo yakasiyana-siyana yemotokari. Kubva kunze, kumira kwemotokari kunongoumbwa nemamwe matanda, machubhu uye zvitubu, asi usafunga kuti zviri nyore. Pane zvinopesana, kusungirirwa kwemotokari imotokari yemotokari yakaoma kusangana nezvinodiwa zvakakwana, nokuti kusungirirwa kune zvose Kuti zvizadzise zvido zvekunyaradza zvemotokari, inofanirwawo kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzirisa kwayo kugadzikana, uye zvinhu zviviri izvi zvinopesana kune mumwe nemumwe. Semuenzaniso, kuti uwane kunyaradzwa kwakanaka, zvinodikanwa kumisa zvakanyanya kuzununguka kwemotokari, saka chitubu chinofanira kugadzirwa kuti chive chakapfava, asi chitubu chakapfava, asi zviri nyore kuita kuti mota iite mabhureki "nod", mhanyisa "musoro kumusoro" uye zvakakomba roll kuruboshwe uye kurudyi. Iyo tsika haigone kufambiswa kwemotokari, uye zviri nyore kuita kuti mota ive isina kugadzikana.

kumiswa kusina kuzvimiririra

Chimiro chechimiro chekusimira kusina kuzvimirira ndechokuti mavhiri ari kumativi ose akabatanidzwa ne-axle inokosha, uye mavhiri pamwe chete ne-axle anomiswa pasi pefuremu kana muviri wemotokari kuburikidza nekumiswa kwe elastic. Kumiswa kusina kuzvimiririra kune zvakanakira chimiro chakareruka, mutengo wakaderera, simba rakawanda, kugadzirisa kuri nyore, uye shanduko diki pamberi pevhiri pakurongeka panguva yekutyaira. Nekudaro, nekuda kwekusagadzikana kwayo uye kubata kugadzikana, haichashandiswi mumotokari dzemazuva ano. , inonyanya kushandiswa mumarori nemabhazi.

Leaf spring non-independent suspension

Chitubu cheshizha chinoshandiswa sechinhu elastic chekumisa kusingazvimiriri. Nekuti inoshandawo senzira inotungamira, iyo suspension system inorerutswa zvakanyanya.

Longitudinal leaf spring non-independent suspension inoshandisa mashizha zvitubu sezvinhu elastic uye inorongwa pamotokari inofambirana neiyo longitudinal axis yemotokari.

Kushanda musimboti: Kana mota ichimhanya munzira isina kuenzana uye ikasangana nemutoro unokonzeresa, mavhiri anotyaira ekisero kuti isvetuke kumusoro, uye chitubu cheshizha uye kumucheto kwezasi kwechinodhonza chinosimudza zvakare kumusoro panguva imwe chete. Kuwedzera kureba panguva yekukwira kumusoro kwechitubu chemashizha kunogona kurongeka nekuwedzera kwebhegi rekumashure pasina kukanganisa. Nemhaka yokuti mugumo wepamusoro wemushonga wekuvhundutsa wakagadziriswa uye mugumo wezasi unokwira kumusoro, zvakaenzana nekushanda munzvimbo yakamanikidzwa, uye kunyura kunowedzera kuderedza kuzununguka. Kana iyo yekusvetuka yeaxle ikadarika chinhambwe pakati pebuffer block uye chinogumira block, iyo buffer block inobatika uye inomanikidzwa neinogumira block. [2]

Classification: The longitudinal shizha chitubu non-yakasununguka kuturika inogona kupatsanurwa asymmetric longitudinal shizha chitubu non-yakasununguka kuturika, kuenzanisa kuturika uye symmetrical longitudinal shizha chitubu non-yakasununguka kuturika. Kuturika kusingazvimiriri kune zvitubu zveshizha refu.

1. Asymmetric longitudinal leaf spring non-independent suspension

Asymmetric longitudinal leaf spring non-independent suspension inoreva kuturika uko nhambwe iri pakati pepakati pebhaudhi rakaumbwa neU uye nepakati pemagadziko kumagumo ese haina kuenzana kana chitubu cheshizha chakareba chakamiswa paekisero (zambuko).

2. Kuenzanisa kumiswa

Kuturika kwakaringana kuturika kunovimbisa kuti kuremerwa kwakamira pamavhiri paekisesi yakabatana (ekisi) inogara yakaenzana. Basa rekushandisa kumiswa kwakadzikama nderokuona kusangana kwakanaka pakati pemavhiri uye pasi, mutoro wakafanana, uye kuona kuti mutyairi anogona kudzora gwara remota uye mota ine simba rakakwana rekutyaira.

Zvinoenderana nezvimiro zvakasiyana, kumiswa kwechiyero kunogona kukamurwa kuita marudzi maviri: thrust rod rudzi uye swing ruoko rudzi.

①Kusimudzira tsvimbo kuenzanisa. Iyo inogadzirwa neyakagadzikwa yeshizha chitubu, uye magumo ayo maviri anoiswa mune inotsvedza ndiro yerudzi rwerutsigiro pamusoro peshure peaxle sleeve. Chikamu chepakati chakagadziriswa pachiyero chinotakura ganda kuburikidza neU-shaped bolts, uye inogona kutenderera yakatenderedza shaft yechiyero, uye chiyero cheshaft chinogadziriswa pamotokari yemotokari kuburikidza nebhuraketi. Imwe mugumo wetsvimbo yekurovesa yakagadzikwa pafuremu yemotokari, uye imwe magumo yakabatana neaxle. The thrust rod inoshandiswa kufambisa simba rekutyaira, braking force uye rinoenderana rekuita simba.

Musimboti wekushanda weiyo thrust rod balance suspension imota yakawanda-axle inotyaira munzira isina kuenzana. Kana vhiri rega rega richitora chimiro chendiro yesimbi seyakaturika, haikwanise kuona kuti mavhiri ese akabatana pasi, kureva kuti, mamwe mavhiri anotakura yakatwasuka A yakadzikiswa mutoro (kana kunyange zero) zvinoita kuti zviomere mutyairi kudzora mafambiro kana zvikaitika pamavhiri anodhiraivha. Kana zvikaitika kumavhiri ekutyaira, mamwe (kana asiri ese) esimba rekutyaira anorasika. Isa iyo yepakati axle uye yekumashure axle yetatu-axle mota pamigumo miviri yebhari yebharari, uye chikamu chepakati chebhari yebhari chinosungirirwa nehumambo hwemotokari. Nokudaro, mavhiri ari pamabhiriji maviri haakwanisi kukwira nekudzika akazvimirira. Kana chero vhiri rikanyura mugomba, rimwe vhiri rinokwira kumusoro pasi pesimba rebharanzi. Sezvo maoko e stabilizer bar ari akaenzana kureba, vertical load pamavhiri ose anogara akaenzana.

Iyo yekurovera tsvimbo chiyero kumiswa inoshandiswa kune yekumashure ekisero ye6 × 6 matatu-axle off-road mota uye 6 × 4 matatu-axle rori.

②Swing ruoko kuenzanisa kumiswa. Iyo yepakati-ekisi suspension inotora longitudinal mashizha chitubu chimiro. Rombo rekumashure rakanamirwa kumucheto kweruoko rwekuzunguza, ukuwo bhureki remushonga weaxle rinosungirirwa pafuremu. Mugumo wekumashure weruwoko wekuswing wakabatana neaxle yekumashure (axle) yemota.

Nheyo yekushanda yekusimudza ruoko rwekusimudza ruoko ndeyekuti mota iri kutyaira mumugwagwa usina kuenzana. Kana zambuko repakati rikawira mugomba, ruwoko rwunozunguza rwunodhonzerwa pasi nepabhegi rekumashure uye rotenderedzwa nekatarisana newachi kutenderedza shaft yeruoko. Ekisero vhiri richakwira kumusoro. Ruoko runozungunuka pano irevheti, uye chiyero chekugovera chemutoro wakatwasuka pakati nepakati uye kumashure maekisero zvinoenderana nerevhero yereshiyo yeruwoko rwekuzunguza uye kureba kumberi nekumashure kwechitubu cheshizha.

Coil chitubu chisina kuzvimiririra kuturika

Nekuti iyo coil chitubu, sechinhu elastic, inogona chete kutakura mitoro yakatwasuka, inotungamira nzira uye yekuvhundutsa inopinza inofanira kuwedzerwa kune yakamiswa system.

Iyo ine zvitubu zvecoil, zvinokatyamadza zvinotora, longitudinal thrust rods, lateral thrust tsvimbo, inosimbisa tsvimbo uye zvimwe zvikamu. Chimiro chechimiro ndechekuti mavhiri ekuruboshwe uye ekurudyi akabatanidzwa sese ane shaft yakazara. Mugumo wepasi wemushonga wekuvhundutsa unogadziriswa parutsigiro rwekumashure, uye mugumo wepamusoro unosungirirwa nemuviri wemotokari. Chitubu chekoiri chinoiswa pakati pechitubu chepamusoro nechigaro chepasi chiri kunze kwechibatiso chekuvhundutsa. Iyo yekumashure yekupedzisira ye longitudinal thrust tsvimbo yakasungirirwa pane axle uye kumucheto kwemberi kunosungirirwa kune furemu yemotokari. Imwe magumo eiyo transverse thrust tsvimbo yakasungirirwa pamutumbi wemotokari, uye imwe inoperera yakasungirirwa paekisero. Paunenge uchishanda, chitubu chinotakura mutoro wakamira, uye simba rerefu uye simba rinochinjika zvinotakurwa zvakateerana nerekitudinal uye transverse yekukanda tsvimbo. Kana vhiri richisvetuka, ekisero yese inotenderera ichitenderedza hinge point yelongitudinal thrust rod uye lateral thrust tsvimbo pamutumbi wemotokari. Rubber bushings panzvimbo yekutaura inobvisa kupindira kwekufamba kana axle ichizununguka. Iyo coil chitubu isiri-yakasununguka kumiswa yakanakira kumisa kumashure kwemotokari dzinotakura vanhu.

Air spring non-independent suspension

Kana motokari ichimhanya, nekuda kwekuchinja kwemutoro uye nzira yemugwagwa, kuoma kwekumiswa kunoda kuchinja maererano. Mota dzinodiwa kuderedza kureba kwemuviri uye kuwedzera kumhanya mumigwagwa yakanaka; kuwedzera hurefu hwemuviri uye kuwedzera simba rekupfuura mumigwagwa yakaipa, saka kureba kwemuviri kunoda kugadziriswa maererano nezvinodiwa zvekushandisa. Air spring non-independent suspension inogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvakadaro.

Inoumbwa ne compressor, air storage tank, height control valve, air spring, control rod, etc. Mukuwedzera, kune zvinopisa zvinotyisa, maoko ekutungamira, uye lateral stabilizer bars. Chitubu chemhepo chinogadziriswa pakati pechimiro (muviri) uye axle, uye kukwirira kwevhavhavha inogadziriswa pamutumbi wemotokari. Mugumo wepiston tsvimbo inosungirirwa neruwoko rwemuchinjiko wetsvimbo yekudzora, uye imwe magumo emuchinjiko ruoko inosungirirwa netsvimbo yekudzora. Chikamu chepakati chinotsigirwa pachikamu chepamusoro chemhepo yemhepo, uye mugumo wepasi wetsvimbo yekudzora inogadziriswa pane axle. Izvo zvikamu zvinoumba chitubu chemhepo zvakabatanidzwa pamwe chete kuburikidza nemapaipi. Iyo yakanyanya-kudzvanywa gasi inogadzirwa ne compressor inopinda mumhepo yekuchengetedza tangi kuburikidza nemafuta-mvura separator uye pressure regulator, uye yobva yapinda muhurefu hwekudzora vharafu kuburikidza nemhepo sefa mushure mekubuda mugasi rekuchengetedza gasi. Tangi yekuchengetera mhepo, tangi yekuchengetera mhepo yakabatana nezvitubu zvemhepo pavhiri rega rega, saka kudzvanywa kwegasi mune yega yega chitubu kunowedzera nekuwedzera kweiyo inflation, uye panguva imwecheteyo, muviri unosimudzwa kudzamara piston iri muhurefu yekudzora vharafu ichienda yakananga kumhepo yekuchengetera tangi Chiteshi chekuzadza mweya chemukati inflation chakavharwa. Sechinhu chinonamira, chitubu chemhepo chinogona kurerutsa mutoro wekuita pavhiri kubva munzira yemugwagwa kana ichiendeswa kumutumbi wemotokari kuburikidza neaxle. Mukuwedzera, iyo kumiswa kwemhepo inogona zvakare kugadzirisa kureba kwemuviri wemotokari. Iyo piston iri pakati pe inflation port uye air discharge port muhurefu hwekudzora vharafu, uye gasi rinobva mumhepo tangi rekuchengetedza rinopisa tangi yekuchengetedza mweya uye chitubu chemhepo, uye inosimudza kureba kwemuviri wemotokari. Kana piston iri munzvimbo yepamusoro ye inflation port muhurefu hwekudzora vharuvhu, gasi riri mumhepo chitubu rinodzokera kumhepo yekuburitsa chiteshi kuburikidza neinflation port uye inopinda mumhepo, uye kudzvanywa kwemhepo mumhepo chitubu chinodonha, saka kureba kwemuviri wemotokari zvakare kudonha. Iyo tsvimbo yekudzora uye ruoko rwemuchinjikwa pairi inosarudza nzvimbo yepiston muvhavha yekudzora urefu.

Kumiswa kwemhepo kune nhevedzano yezvakanakira zvakaita sekuita kuti mota ityaire nekunyaradza kwakanaka, kuona imwe-axis kana akawanda-axis kusimudza pazvinenge zvichidikanwa, kushandura kureba kwemuviri wemotokari uye kukonzeresa kukuvadza kudiki kwepamusoro pemugwagwa, nezvimwewo, asi zvakare ine chimiro chakaomarara uye zvakaomesesa zvinodiwa zvekuisa chisimbiso. nezvimwe zvinokanganisa. Inoshandiswa mumotokari dzevatakuri dzekutengesa, marori, turera uye dzimwe mota dzinotakura vanhu.

Oiri uye gasi chitubu chisina kuzvimiririra kumisa

Mafuta-pneumatic spring non-independent suspension inoreva kumira kusina kusununguka apo elastic element inotora mafuta-pneumatic spring.

Inoumbwa nemafuta uye gasi zvitubu, lateral thrust rods, buffer blocks, longitudinal thrust rods uye zvimwe zvikamu. Iyo yepamusoro yekupedzisira yemafuta-pneumatic spring inogadziriswa pamotokari yemotokari, uye iyo yakaderera inogadziriswa pane axle yepamberi. Mativi ekuruboshwe nekurudyi zvichitevedzana anoshandisa yakaderera longitudinal thrust tsvimbo kuti ive pakati peekisero yekumberi nebeam relongitudinal. Rutivi rwepamusoro longitudinal thrust rwakaiswa paekisero yekumberi uye nechemukati bhurakete relongitudinal. Idzo dzepamusoro nedzepasi dzelongitudinal trust rods dzinoita paralelogram, iyo inoshandiswa kuona kuti caster angle ye kingpin inoramba isina kushanduka kana vhiri richisvetuka kumusoro nekudzika. The transverse thrust tsvimbo inoiswa kuruboshwe longitudinal danda uye bhuraketi kurudyi rwemberi ekisero. A buffer block inoiswa pasi peaya maviri longitudinal matanda. Nekuti iyo mafuta-pneumatic chitubu chakamisikidzwa pakati pefuremu neaxle, sechinhu elastic, inogona kurerutsa simba rekuita kubva pamugwagwa pamusoro pevhiri kana ichiendeswa kune furemu, uye panguva imwe chete ichidzora kuzunguzika kunotevera. Iwo ekumusoro uye epasi longitudinal thrust tsvimbo anoshandiswa kufambisa simba relongitudinal uye kushingirira nguva yekupindura inokonzerwa nebhureki simba. Lateral thrust rods transmit lateral forces.

Apo mafuta-gasi chitubu chinoshandiswa parori yekutengeserana ine mutoro wakakura, huwandu hwayo uye huwandu hwayo huduku kudarika hwemashizha emashizha uye ine maitiro ekuoma kwakasiyana-siyana, asi ine zvinodiwa zvakanyanya zvekuvhara uye kugadzirisa zvakaoma. Kumiswa kwemafuta-pneumatic kwakakodzera marori ekutengesa ane mitoro inorema.

Yakazvimirira Kumisikidzwa Editorial Nhepfenyuro

Kumiswa kwakazvimirira kunoreva kuti mavhiri ari kudivi rega rega akamiswa kubva pafuremu kana muviri nekumisikidzwa kwe elastic. Zvakanakira zvaro ndezvi: uremu huremu, kuderedza kukanganiswa kwemuviri, nekuvandudza kunamatira pasi kwemavhiri; zvitubu zvinyoro zvine kuoma kudiki zvinogona kushandiswa kuvandudza kunyaradza kwemota; nzvimbo yejini inogona kuderedzwa, uye pakati pesimba remotokari rinogonawo kuderedzwa, nokudaro Kuvandudza kugadzikana kwekutyaira kwemotokari; mavhiri ekuruboshwe nekurudyi anosvetuka akazvimirira uye akazvimirira kubva kune mumwe nemumwe, izvo zvinogona kuderedza kutenderera uye kuzunguzika kwemuviri wemotokari. Nekudaro, iyo yakazvimirira yekumisikidza ine zvipingamupinyi zvechimiro chakaoma, kudhura kwakanyanya uye kusagadzikana kugadzirisa. Mota zhinji dzemazuvano dzinoshandisa kumiswa kwakazvimirira. Zvinoenderana neakasiyana mafomu ekumisikidza, kumiswa kwakazvimiririra kunogona kukamurwa kuita kumiswa kwekuda, kuteedzera ruoko, kumisa-mazhinji-link, kumiswa kwekenduru, uye MacPherson kumiswa.

wishbone

Cross-arm suspension zvinoreva kuturika kwakazvimiririra uko mavhiri anotenderera mundege yakachinjika yemotokari. Iyo yakakamurwa kuita kaviri-ruoko kumiswa uye imwe-ruoko kumiswa zvinoenderana nenhamba yekuyambuka-maoko.

Iyo imwe chete yeshuviro yemhando ine zvakanakira chimiro chakareruka, yakakwira roll centre uye yakasimba anti-roll kugona. Zvisinei, nekuwedzera kwekumhanya kwemotokari dzemazuva ano, nzvimbo yakanyanyisa yepamusoro-soro ichakonzera shanduko huru mumakumbo emakumbo apo mavhiri anosvetuka, uye kupera kwetai kuchawedzera. Uyezve, kuchinjika kwesimba rekuruboshwe nekurudyi kwevhiri kuchave kwakakurisa panguva yekutendeuka kwakapinza, zvichikonzera kuwedzera camber yemavhiri ekumashure. Iko kuomarara kwekona kwevhiri rekumashure kunoderedzwa, zvichikonzera mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma epamusoro-speed tail drift. Iyo imwechete-wishbone yakazvimirira kumiswa inonyanya kushandiswa mumashure ekusimudzwa, asi nekuti haigone kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekumhanya-mhanya kutyaira, haina kushandiswa zvakanyanya panguva ino.

Kaviri-wishbone yakazvimiririra kuturika yakakamurwa kuita yakaenzana-kureba kaviri-wishbone kuturika uye kusaenzana-kureba-kureba-wishbone kumiswa zvichienderana nekuti kumusoro nepasi-mawoko emuchinjikwa akaenzana pakureba. Iyo yakaenzana-yakareba-yakapetwa kaviri-wishbone kumiswa kunogona kuchengetedza kingpin kurerekera nguva dzose kana vhiri richisvetuka kumusoro uye pasi, asi vhiribase rinochinja zvakanyanya (yakafanana neiyo-wishbone kumiswa), izvo zvinokonzeresa kusakara kwetai uye kubvaruka, uye haiwanzo kushandiswa ikozvino. Nokuda kwekusaenzana-kureba-kureba-wishbone kusimiswa, chero bedzi kureba kwepamusoro uye kwepasi chido chekuda kwakanyatsosarudzwa uye kwakagadziridzwa, uye kuburikidza nekugadzirisa kunonzwisisika, kuchinja kwevhiribase uye magadzirirwo ekugadzirisa mavhiri epamberi anogona kuchengetwa mukati memiganhu inogamuchirwa, kuve nechokwadi chokuti motokari Iine kugadzikana kwakanaka kwekutyaira. Parizvino, kusaenzana-kureba-kureba-wishbone kumiswa kwakashandiswa zvakanyanya kumberi nekumashure kumiswa kwemotokari, uye mavhiri ekumashure emamwe emitambo mota uye mota dzemujaho anoshandisawo chimiro ichi chekumisa.